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An innovative monitoring tool that assesses how effectively national climate policies address gender inequalities
Women and girls are disproportionately affected by the climate crisis and are also driving solutions, building resilience, and leading change. Yet when climate policies overlook them, the crisis deepens.
The Gender Equality and Climate Policy Scorecard tracks how effectively countries are responding to the gendered impacts of climate change while promoting women’s participation and leadership in climate action. It assesses the latest round of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) for their gender responsiveness and features an online repository of NDC gender commitments to action, showcasing promising and innovative policy examples to inspire learning, replication, and scale-up across countries and regions.
To track progress on gender-responsive climate action, the Scorecard is composed of 50 indicators across six gender dimensions.
The Scorecard has been developed by UN Women and the Kaschak Institute for Social Justice for Women and Girls at Binghamton University.
Read about the Scorecard’s methodology.
What are the Scorecard’s six dimensions of gender-responsive climate action?
Economic security
By 2050, 158 million more women could be pushed into extreme poverty.
Unpaid care work
2.3 billion people live in water-stressed countries. Women are responsible for water collection in 80% of households.
Gender-based violence
Living in arid areas is associated with rates of child marriage up to 32 percentage points higher than in humid areas.
Health
During heatwaves, the likelihood of preterm birth rises by about 26%.
Participation and leadership
In 2024 women comprised just 24% of heads of delegation at COP29.
Gender mainstreaming
118 countries have designated national gender and climate change focal points.
How are countries integrating gender equality into climate policies?
Results from a 2025 global survey to National Gender and Climate Change Focal Points under the UNFCCC highlight that:
- 45% of countries incorporated their national gender equality machinery within existing national climate change coordination mechanisms
- 54% of countries report engaging women’s civil society organizations in preparatory NDCs consultations
- At least 34 countries have a dedicated national gender and climate action plan or strategy
So, are these efforts translating into more gender-responsive NDCs?
The first map on the gender-responsiveness of the NDCs offers an overview of how countries are addressing the gendered impacts of climate change and elevating women’s voices in climate action. It currently features 32 NDCs submitted up to 8 September 2025, with at least 40 additional NDCs under review to be included in the next update.
The second map highlights the gender and climate policy enablers that countries are putting in place to translate gender commitments in their NDCs into action.
What commitments to gender-responsive action do countries make in their NDCs?
Gender-responsive climate action database
Explore in more detail the gender commitments to action in NDCs 3.0 across countries.
| Country Sort descending | NDC excerpt | Gender dimension | Climate policy area | Sector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barbados | 5. Integrating Social Protection The Government of Barbados provides social protection after climate-related disasters. Many of the Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs’ (MPEA) programmes focus on offering social services, social protection, and improving the lives of the vulnerable and enabling them to survive shocks. After Hurricane Elsa in 2021, a Resilience and Reintegration Unit was established within the MPEA. The Government of Barbados will continue to: * develop and implement social protection measures which enhance the resilience of vulnerable populations to withstand the socio-economic shocks attributed to climate change related disasters; * strengthen the mechanisms to provide safe shelter and social provisions for persons who have been displaced by the climate crisis. * strengthen the shock-responsiveness of the social protection system to robustly respond to the social impacts of weather events resulting from climate change; and * design targeted social protection programmes linked to populations vulnerable to the socio-economic impacts of climate change such as those whose livelihood is sustained in the agriculture, fishing and tourism sectors. **The NDC lists women among those disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change (p.11), and refers to ongoing work between the Bureau of Gender Affairs and the Resilience and Reintegration Unit of the Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs which aims to build resilience among women and girls in the event of a climate disaster (p.28). |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Barbados | 5. Integrating Social Protection: 5.5 Gender The Bureau of Gender Affairs is also partnering with UN Women on the Climate Resilience & Safety Project (CRSP), which aims to re-position women and young persons at the forefront of climate change matters. The project prioritizes women and young persons as key players in climate change and building safer communities. CRSP endeavors to construct a safer and more secure Speightstown community, by enhancing its resilience to climatic events and promoting environmental security. CRSP aims to meet SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Core stakeholders of CRSP are UNICEF, UN Women, the Bureau of Gender Affairs in the Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs (MPEA) and the Ministry of Educational Transformation. These agencies will collaborate closely with other major stakeholders such as the Speightstown Parish Community, the Department of Emergency Management (DEM) and transportation sectors to achieve project goals. It is hoped that consideration will be afforded to replicating the CRSP in other coastal communities such as Oistins in Christ Church. |
Gender-based violence
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Barbados | 5. Integrating Social Protection: 5.5 Gender Additionally, in January 2025, the Bureau of Gender Affairs, the Barbados Water Authority and the Caribbean Community Climate Change (CCCCC) collaborated on the execution of the Green Climate Fund funded “R’s (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) for Climate Resilience Wastewater Systems in Barbados (3R-CReWS)” project. This project, inter alia, aims to strengthen Barbados’ resilience to recover from climatic events. In this regard, key project protocols include: * Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) for displaced persons; * Mandates for low emission equipment and vehicles used in the project; * Gender parity employment throughout the project’s lifecycle; * Instituting gender responsive measures such as WASH (water, sanitation & hygiene); and * Gender mainstreaming and conducting gender analyses on project activities with a view to implementing targeted inventions as necessary. Analyses will also consider the intersectional identities of impacted persons. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Water resources |
| Barbados | 1.3 Policy Framework - Domestic: 1.3.6 Roofs 2 Reefs Programme The Roofs 2 Reefs Programme (R2RP) framework operationalizes the PDP and provides the vehicle through which public investment will be directed. Acknowledging the need for locally-led adaptation specially building a robust understanding of risks and uncertainties and addressing structural inequities faced by women, young people and those socially and economically disadvantaged, the GoB through its R2RP is seeking to establish a sufficient and stable funding mechanism and the accompanying programme management framework that enables finance to be accessed when and where the need arises. R2RP seeks to identify the key projects and programmes, assess their costs, and identify and pursue funding opportunities, and coordinate implementation. The R2RP was deliberately conceptualized as a vehicle to operationalize and implement the physical development and infrastructure elements of the NDC and other major national policies and plans. Hence, the goals of the R2RP align directly with the commitments of the NDC. (p.7) 6. Information to facilitate Clarity, Transparency and Understanding: 4. Planning process: d. Each Party with an NDC under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on: ii. Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits: (...) The Roofs 2 Reefs Programme framework is focused on increasing resilience and operationalizes the Physical Development Plan. Its objectives are: * to make low- and middle-income homes more resilient to extreme weather events and their impacts, with as possible loss of access to electricity and potable water distribution systems; * to increase freshwater storage capacity and water use efficiency and reduce emissions through the deployment of distributed renewable energy technologies; * to decrease land-based sources of marine pollution through more sustainable land use practices; * to make critical utility, water and sanitation and road infrastructure climate resilient; and, * to restore vulnerable coral reef ecosystems, particularly on the west and south coasts of the island. (p.37) |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 7. Adaptation Targets and Actions: 7.4 Human Health: Table 12 - Human health adaptation targets and actions. Targets: Increase resilience of the human health sector by implementing the measures in the national adaptation plan by 2035. Conditionality: Conditional. Actions: * Develop a health infrastructure masterplan focused on strengthening climate resilience and durability, utilising prior vulnerability assessments by 2030 and its implementation up to 2040. Conditionality: Conditional * Retrofit key hospitals and clinics to be resilient to extreme-weather events by 2035. Conditionality: Conditional * Update and include risks identified in the STAR 2023 report in the Emergency All-Hazard Plan (EAP) for the health sector which provides for creating a reserve of health supplies and food by 2030 and implementing it by 2035, Conditionality: Conditional * Build the capacity of community members and leaders on environmental and climate change-related diseases and impacts on human health with the integration of climate change in the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) by 2030. Conditionality: Conditional * Enhance the testing and treatment of drinking water sources in regions vulnerable to droughts by 2030. Conditionality: Conditional **According to ILO data (2019), the healthcare sector in Belize accounts for 23.62% of women's employment compared to just 6.73% of men's, meaning that measures targeting resilience of the healthcare sector will have a disproportionate impact on women's safety, wellbeing and livelihoods. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Belize | 7. Adaptation Targets and Actions: 7.7 Water Resources The targets and associated actions in this NDC are aligned with the National Adaptation Strategy for Addressing Climate Change in the Water Sector (CCCCC, 2009) and the Integrated Water Resources Management National Adaptation Plan (IWRMNAP) (Cashman, 2024). The primary focus of these strategies is on water monitoring and the implementation of water resource management practices to ensure effective conservation of water resources, water security and the institutional arrangements needed, with much emphasis on Gender, Equality, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) issues related to water resources. (...) Table 15 - Water resources adaptation targets and actions. Target: 1. Increase resilience of the water sector by implementing the measures in the national adaptation plan by 2035 Actions: * Implement the National Integrated Water Resources Act (NIWRA) by 2026. Conditionality: Unconditional * Develop a National Water Resources Sectoral Action Plan (NWRSAP) aligned with the NIWRA by 2030 and implement it by 2035. Conditionality: Conditional * Build capacity on water-resources and watershed conservation with 2 training and awareness-raising campaigns by 2030 and 4 by 2035 (cumulative total no. of campaigns). Conditionality: Conditional * Develop a National Sanitation and Water Strategy for water management in rural areas by 2030 and enforce it by 2033. Conditionality: Conditional * Enhance water quality in coastal areas by creating a dedicated task force by 2030. Conditionality: Conditional * Establish a dedicated watershed conservation unit which manages the related processes within the Ministry of Natural Resources by 2030. Conditionality: Conditional * Develop two (2) watershed management plans for two major watersheds that will include water quality, nutrient loading, and garbage disposal by 2029. Conditionality: Conditional * Develop a comprehensive Water inventory including a robust monitoring, report and update framework for the country covering all known water sources and sectors using water by 2030. Conditionality: Conditional * Examine opportunities for upscaling the pilot programme to improve wastewater treatment systems with support from financing institutions by 2030. Conditionality: Conditional * Implement the plans for the groundwater network by 2032 and develop plans for other regions across the country by 2035. Conditionality: Conditional |
Unpaid care work
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Water resources |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (...) There is a strong political commitment and will to increase gender equality in Belize. The overarching policy driving gender action in Belize is the National Gender Policy 2024 -2030. One of the guiding principles of the policy is to move gender issues to the mainstream in all national policies, regulations and programmes. Furthermore, the National Policy for Older Persons, 2002 provides protection, care, residential services to older persons and secures their participation in national development. Other key national and sectoral policies, strategies and plans on climate change have included GEDSI considerations. Belize developed its first National Climate Change Gender Action Plan (NCCGAP) 2022 – 2027 which provides guidance to all stakeholders of the climate change sector on how to mainstream gender in their policies and programmes. ** Belize's NCCGAP includes 15 focus areas grouped in 4 priorities to enhance participation, policy coherence, capacity building and monitoring and evaluation. Each of the focus areas includes concrete actions, indicators and proposed timeframe: 1) Inclusive representation in climate change negotiations and planning: build leadership and representation, support engagement machinery and mechanisms, inclusive engagement of local and indigenous groups, create space for and guarantee opportunities for women, increase gender participation over time; 2) Policy coherence across all government to support gender equality and social inclusion: identify key sectors, fragile ecologies and arenas for action, foster policy coherence across key government agencies, integrate gender equality and social inclusion principles throughout the education system, and partnership mapping; 3) Capacity development for existing institutional structures: allocation of time and resources, facilitate and nurture a learning environment and cross-sector dialogues; 4) Continuous improvement of documenting evidence and best practices: build accountability mechanisms, ensure effective monitoring and reporting systems, identify and define common indicators, and generate opportunities for development and innovation. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (...) There is a strong political commitment and will to increase gender equality in Belize. (...) The National Agriculture and Food Policy 2015-2030 sets gender specific strategic objectives under the policy`s four strategic pillars. **The National Agriculture and Food Policy 2015-2030 is guided by eight principles, including the principle of equity and inclusiveness, and actions are grouped in 18 strategic objectives along five pillars, including objectives and actions to enhance women's access to resources, empowerment, participation. Specifically, Pillar 3 on national food and nutrition security and rural livelihoods, and Pillar 4 on sustainable agriculture and risk management include gender-specific objectives that target women's inclusion and empowerment. |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Agriculture |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (...) There is a strong political commitment and will to increase gender equality in Belize. (...) The National Energy Policy 2023 -2040 makes a bold commitment to ensure gender equality in the energy sector. One of the policy objectives is to unlock economic opportunities to unserved communities by creating local employment opportunities, improving livelihoods, reducing pressure on urban migration, and improving opportunities for women and children in the energy sector, the policy actions however do not include GEDSI it is therefore unclear how these gender commitments will be met. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Energy |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (...) A Multi-sectoral National Adaptation Plan (MNAP) is currently under development. The MNAP will take into consideration the needs of women, youth, men, vulnerable people as well as local and indigenous communities. A Fisheries Gender Analysis has been completed. A fisheries gender analysis and gender strategy and action plan has also been completed to ensure gender mainstreaming in the fisheries sector. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (...) In addition to these strategic national documents, several GEDSI activities have been carried out to promote gender mainstreaming in climate action. (...)The Resilient Rural Belize Programme has a target to have at least 40% of the programme beneficiaries as women and 20% as youth. ** The Resilient Rural Belize project (under implementation until 2026) aims to minimize the impacts of climate and economic events on smallholder farmers while supporting continuous market access for their produce through Climate Resilient Value Chains Development and Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructural and Assets Development. The project, funded by the Green Environment Fund, has a project-level gender action plan with 13 activities grouped in 7 actions that details women's engagement in project activities. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Agriculture |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (...) In addition to these strategic national documents, several GEDSI activities have been carried out to promote gender mainstreaming in climate action. (...) Finally, the Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture Project, a project aimed at promoting the adoption of climate-smart agricultural approaches, aims to have 30% of the 3,700 target beneficiaries as women. **The Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture Project (2022-2027) acknowledges gender gaps in agriculture and tailors the project to address these challenges, including tailored training and technical assistance for women, targeting at least 30% of matching grants to women farmers, supporting women farmers with tailored capacity for the design and implementation of the matching grant business proposals, and by ensuring selected technologies are affordable and consider the time constraints women face. It also mentions investments would be evaluated to prevent heightened risks of sexual exploitation and abuse. |
Economic security
Gender-based violence
|
Cross-cutting | Agriculture |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Cross Cutting Actions. * Seek the opportunities and activities of this NDC to develop gender disaggregated data. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Cross Cutting Actions. (...) * Include the knowledge of women, indigenous peoples, youth, children, PWD, and all other marginalised groups, through inclusive consultative approaches across sectors in the development and implementation of climate policies and programmes as well as in decision making processes. (...) * Innovative projects on climate change that contribute to transforming gender relations, designed by and for women, measure impacts on gender gaps and enhancing women's agency and innovations will be explored through the NDC implementation process. |
Participation and leadership
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Cross Cutting Actions. (…) * Increase women's representation at COPs and subsidiary body meetings by at least 50% by 2027. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Cross Cutting Actions. (...) * Build competencies and capacities of communities at local levels to engage in climate change governance and decisions. * Co-host peer-to-peer training retreats on climate change /GEDSI contexts and practices. * Co-host peer-to-peer design workshops on climate change/GEDSI indicators, indexes and identify common social indicators per sector. * Promote awareness and sensitisation of climate change amongst the youth and children. * In order to ensure inclusive climate governance, mitigation and adaptation measures must institutionalize the representation of indigenous peoples within committees or bodies developed to track the NDC Development Process, as well any monitoring systems within the Forest Department. All climate actions must respect free and prior informed consent (FPIC) principles, with structured consultations at each stage of project design and implementation. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Adaptation actions. (…) * Mainstream GEDSI in fisheries regulations and Management Plan. * Create a gender desk or function in the Inland Fisheries Management Authority. The function will be responsible for ensuring inclusivity (e.g. age, disability etc.) in the work of the Authority. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Coastal zones and fisheries |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Cross Cutting Actions. (...) * Enhance access by GEDSI groups to climate finance through targeted programs under the Green Climate Fund and Adaptation Fund. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Mitigation actions. (...) * Consider the mobility patterns of GEDSI groups in feasibility analysis for EV penetration and transport master plan. Feasibility analysis should include options for the use of both digital and non-digital options for accessing public EV buses that would enable access to the elderly, the less educated and other social groups that are not digitally apt. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Transportation |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Adaptation actions. * Set GEDSI quotas for capacity building activities, training and awareness campaigns on sustainable practices for fisheries and aquaculture; tourism private sector on sustainable tourism practices; water resources and watershed conservation and climate related diseases and impact on health. Tailor training to their needs. (...) * Mainstream GEDSI in health infrastructure master plan, resilience infrastructure plan, housing policy, water management policy framework and disaster risk response plan. Capture the vulnerabilities of the aged, children, PWD to climate change. (...) * Ensure the representation of GEDSI groups in the watershed conservation unit under the Ministry of Natural Resources. * Develop a response plan programme to climate impacts including heatwaves, vector and non-vector borne diseases which considers the special needs of children, elderly and other vulnerable population by 2030. * Collect disaggregated data on risks and needs of children on food security. * Implement area specific adaptation strategies that provide guidance on adapting to impacts of climate change, paying keen attention to indigenous communities. * Promote and enhance land stewardship practices underway in indigenous communities when implementing policies and policy frameworks for incorporating responsible and climate-sensitive (and water-sensitive) development and land use. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Mitigation actions. * Design specific incentives for women, indigenous peoples, PWD, low-income groups, rural communities and other marginalised groups who have decreased purchasing power in RE, EV and climate smart agriculture financial schemes. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Mitigation actions. (...) * Include at least 30% of women, youth and indigenous owned businesses in capacity building activities on RE and EE. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Mitigation actions. (...) * Identify existing occupational segregation that may exist within the recycling sector and address barriers that GEDSI groups may face in the sector. * Set GEDSI quotas for campaigns and capacity building activities on recycling and waste management, agrosilvopastoral systems and climate smart agriculture. Specifically, target waste management campaigns in schools. Capacity building activities should be tailored to address the needs of GEDSI groups and consider opportunities for income generation. * Mainstream the risks, opportunities, and necessities of women, indigenous communities, youth, PWD, children and the poor in the development and implementation of harmonized sustainable waste management policies and plans. The plans should consider integrating community-based adaptation approaches. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Waste |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Adaptation actions. (…) * Include GEDSI considerations in vulnerability assessment for key tourism areas. The vulnerability assessment process should include contributions from GEDSI groups. * Prepare gender assessment to inform GEDSI mainstreaming in National Remediation Plan for environmental impact on the tourism sector. The plan development process should include contributions from GEDSI groups. |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Tourism |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Adaptation actions. (…) * Design financial incentives for the adoption of low emissions technologies by women and other marginalised groups in the tourism sector. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Tourism |
| Belize | 8. Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion. Table 18 - Cross-cutting, mitigation and adaptation GEDSI proposed actions. Adaptation actions. (…) * Ensure equitable access to climate-resilient infrastructure and basic social services by women, PWD, children, youth and indigenous communities to reduce their exposure to sea level rise, saltwater intrusion, flood and other climate hazards. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Belize | 9. Loss and Damage. (...) Belize is currently receiving technical assistance support to develop a National Loss and Damage Framework, to understand better the current policy and development circumstances surrounding L&D in the country, the level of irremediable losses and damages at different levels and examine opportunities to alleviate some of the multisectoral implications of L&D. The NDC 3.0 recommends the following considerations for loss and damage for each sector, as shown in Table 19 below.(...) Agriculture: * Examine opportunities for wide crop insurance to cover all Belizean farmers. * Integrate risk management plans with early warning systems for droughts. Forestry and Other Land-Use (FOLU) * Develop biodiversity corridors to protect species migration. * Develop community-based initiatives and program that builds capacity in community-based fire management and response, and for hazardous fuel reduction using prescribed burns in fire dependent ecosystems * Employ early dry season/late wet season prescribed burns to contribute to carbon sequestration and reduce impacts of severe dry season fires * Draft a new “Forest” or “Wildland” Fire Bill with enhanced provisions incorporating community participation, climate change issues, and alignment with sustainable forest management principles, ensuring that forest fire prevention and management practices contribute to the long-term health and resilience of forests * Expand ecosystem restoration efforts in most degraded areas to enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystem services * Examine funding opportunities for post-disaster recovery of natural habitats. Coastal Zones and Marine Environments * Develop and implement a coastal erosion monitoring programme in all vulnerable and tourism areas. * Examine pilot projects for blue infrastructure and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in coastal areas for enhanced resilience to flooding and salt intrusion * Develop coastal buffer zones in high-risk protected areas based on previous assessments and ongoing sectoral work. * Examine parametric insurance schemes for communities impacted by sea level rise and flooding. * Develop post-storm repair systems to maintain extreme weather protection benefits of intact coral reefs for coastal communities Fisheries * Promote disaster relief planning to assist fishers after natural disasters, and to establish a relief fund for the fisheries sector such as the COAST parametric Insurance or a livelihood protection Insurance policy for fisheries sector and vulnerable fishing communities. * Evaluate the potential of transforming temporary emergency relief funds into a permanent support mechanism for fisher dependent communities. * Implement vocational training and microenterprise support initiatives that enable fishers to transition into sustainable non-fishing income streams where appropriate. Aquaculture * Evaluate the creation of financial instruments for ecosystem and economic recovery for aquaculture and mariculture dependent communities. * Upgrade aquaculture zones to develop climate-resilient green and gray infrastructure * Designate and upgrade specific areas to develop climate-resilient aquaculture zones. Human Health * Develop emergency health response plans and training for main hospitals and health centres. * Create community-based health support networks including communication channels, check-in protocols and evaluation protocols for vector and nonvector borne disease prevention * Establish regional partnerships for knowledge and lessons learnt exchange and post-disaster rapid recovery. * Create climate-resilient medical supply reserves for enhanced emergency response. Tourism * Provide disaster preparedness training for tourism private sector. * Develop resilient tourism infrastructure standards * Examine funding opportunities for rapid recovery funds for tourism dependent communities post-disaster. Human Settlements and Infrastructure * Retrofit essential infrastructure in flood-prone areas * Launch housing upgrade programs in high-risk zones. * Build comprehensive disaster protection systems within human settlements and key infrastructure * Mandate resilient building codes * Establish relocation assistance. Water Resources * Expand rainwater harvesting and storage in drought prone areas. * Establish a flood response task force with support from local community members. * Develop project concepts for blue-green infrastructure solutions for enhanced resilience of water resources in urban areas. * Develop saltwater intrusion barriers in high-risk coastal areas. **Measures addressing non-economic loss and damage are likely to benefit women by addressing the social, cultural, and wellbeing impacts of climate change—areas where they are often most affected yet overlooked in recovery efforts. |
Economic security
|
Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Botswana | Annex 1: Adaptation measures and baseline targets: Crops Adaptation measure: Conservation agriculture, with a specific focus on those living in poverty, and female-headed households Indicators: Number of farmers practising conservation agriculture; Chemical use in the farming sector Baseline: 0 (not conclusive); <5% Target: 70% of farmers practise conservation agriculture; 25% decline in chemicals use |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Botswana | Annex 1: Adaptation measures and baseline targets: Crops Adaptation measure: Drought tolerant crops Indicators: % drought-tolerant seeds distributed Baseline: TBD 100% Target: 50% of smallholder farmers and 75% of commercial farmers **Women are likely to benefit from economic measures targeting smallholder farmers because they make up a large share of this group and rely on small-scale farming for income and household food security. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Botswana | Annex 1: Adaptation measures and baseline targets: Health Adaptation measure: Establish health-specific emergency response programs, particularly those that target women, children and the elderly, as well as those living in poverty Indicators: Number of women and children under reproductive scheme Baseline: N/A Target: 100% of families with access to health-specific emergency response programs, per year, age, sex and vulnerable group |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Botswana | Annex 1: Adaptation measures and baseline targets: Health Adaptation measure: Expand water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programmes at national scale Indicators: % population with improved sanitation Baseline: 89.2% Target: 95% of all the citizens with access to improved sanitation **Due to the near-universal target of 95% access to improved sanitation, women will benefit from this measure. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Adaptation | Water resources |
| Botswana | Annex 1: Adaptation measures and baseline targets: Health Adaptation measure: Improve health management information systems to incorporate indicators of climate stress linked to major health impacts, including those related to reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health. Indicators: Operationalised national health information system. Baseline: N/A Target: 1 national operational health management information system |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Botswana | Annex 1: Adaptation measures and baseline targets: Health Adaptation measure: Prioritise protection of women’s sexual and reproductive health under unstable and changing climate conditions. Indicators: Number of women and children under the reproductive scheme Baseline: N/A Target: 100% of women with access to reproductive health programmes |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Brazil | The Pact for Ecological Transformation among the three branches of the Brazilian State In an unprecedented initiative, the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches have established the Pact for Ecological Transformation between the three branches of the Brazilian State. The Pact is a clear demonstration that Brazil’s vision of ecological transformation is a long-term State commitment. Established by Decree 12.223, of October 14, 2024, the instrument represents a commitment among the three branches to act harmoniously and cooperatively to adopt a set of actions and measures aimed at the objectives of (i) ecological sustainability; (ii) sustainable economic development; (iii) social, environmental and climate justice; (iv) consideration of the rights of children and future generations; and (v) resilience to extreme climate events. ** The Decree that establishes the “Pact for Ecological Transformation” among Brazil’s three branches of government, and its Executive Committee tasked with implementation and operational oversight, explicitly mandates that "the composition of the Executive Committee shall observe gender parity and ethnic‑racial diversity", ensuring each branch appoints at least one self-declared Black, Brown, or Indigenous individual for each member and their alternate in Article 5.3. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Brazil | Planning and Implementation: Whole-of-government, whole-of-society, whole-of-economy: Mitigation Guidelines, Objectives and Priorities (...) The national mitigation strategy will be accompanied by seven sectoral plans, which define actions, targets, implementation costs, means of financing, monitoring and evaluation. In the land use and forestry sector, Brazil will implement coordinated and continuous efforts to suppress illegal deforestation and increasingly encourage the preservation of native vegetation; this will require not only strengthening command and control measures, but also establishing positive incentives to make it economically advantageous to maintain and restore native vegetation on private rural properties; the restoration of native vegetation is a fundamental driver of this strategy, and restoration consists of nature-based removals that will allow the goal of net zero emissions by 2050 to be achieved; among relevant instruments for implementing actions related to land use and forests are the Plans for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Biomes—including the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) and Cerrado (PPCerrado)—and the National Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation (Planaveg), which may be supported by payment of environmental services, carbon markets and other economic instruments. **Gender is integrated into several draft plans related to enabling women's employment and capacity building in the land use and forestry sector. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Brazil | Planning and Implementation: Whole-of-government, whole-of-society, whole-of-economy: Mitigation Guidelines, Objectives and Priorities (...) The national mitigation strategy will be accompanied by seven sectoral plans, which define actions, targets, implementation costs, means of financing, monitoring and evaluation. (...) In the agricultural sector, Brazil will continue to demonstrate that it is possible to sustainably expand agricultural production while guaranteeing food security and energy security through the sustainable production of biofuels. In doing so, the country will rely on two fundamental transformations: (i) the conversion of new areas primarily from degraded pastures whilst expanding the area of crops in integrated systems such as crop-livestock and crop-livestock- forest integration, and (ii) productivity gains in agricultural production systems, through greater migration to integrated systems and an increase in high productivity systems. In the agricultural sector, Brazil will implement the Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change and Low Carbon Emissions in Agriculture (ABC+ Plan), as well as other instruments such as the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (Pronaf), the Bioeconomy Brazil Socio-biodiversity Program and the National Bio-inputs Program and the National Program for the Conversion of Degraded Pastures into Sustainable Agricultural and Forestry Production Systems (PNCPD), a new initiative that aims to convert low productivity pastures into agricultural areas over ten years. **Women's considerations are mainstreamed into mitigation policies in the agricultural sector. For instance, the PRONAF programme expands and subsidizes access to bank credit for small scale producers. Through this programme, rural women had wider access to investment lines, particularly through a special line for women (Pronaf Mulher). |
Economic security
Gender mainstreaming
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Brazil | Planning and Implementation: Whole-of-government, whole-of-society, whole-of-economy: Mitigation Guidelines, Objectives and Priorities (...) The national mitigation strategy will be accompanied by seven sectoral plans, which define actions, targets, implementation costs, means of financing, monitoring and evaluation. (...) Furthermore, integrating sustainable urban development actions with nature-based solutions is a fundamental aspect of increasing the potential for greenhouse gas removals in Brazilian cities. Existing public policy instruments focus on modal shift towards public transportation and active mobility, as well as on promoting integrated and sustainable urban planning, such as the Green and Resilient Cities Plan. **The Green and Resilient Cities Plan requires the project be designed with diversity of gender, race, ethnicity, age, disability, income and location in mind. It highlights special attention to vulnerable urban communities, especially in peripheral neighborhoods, ensuring that gender and other diversity lenses are part of its justice-oriented, socio-environmental strategy. |
Unpaid care work
Gender mainstreaming
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Mitigation | Infrastructure |
| Brazil | Incentives and Means of Implementation: NDC as an investment platform: Ecological Transformation Plan As an investment plan for Brazil’s sustainable development, the Ecological Transformation Plan (ETP) will restructure the national economic dynamic to promote sustainable development, based on technological innovation and the rational use of natural resources. Supporting the implementation of the Climate Plan, the ETP will respond to mitigation and adaptation needs in the face of the climate crisis while repositioning the Brazilian economy in a new cycle of low- carbon economic growth. The Plan will increase economic productivity by generating decent work, promoting climate justice and reducing regional, gender and racial inequalities. Actions envisaged in the ETP will encourage and support the development and incorporation of new technologies into production processes, especially in the strategic sectors for the transition to a green economy, in line with sectoral mitigation and adaptation plans under the National Climate Plan. The country will make use of its environmental and sustainability comparative advantages to promote technological densification of supply chains, as well as to expand and modernize the national production structure. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Brazil | Clarity, Transparency and Understanding. ii. Contextual matters. a. National circumstances. Eradicating poverty In line with the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs, Brazil believes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge, without which there can be no sustainable development. Committed to fighting the problem, Brazil has relaunched the Bolsa Familia Program at home and launched the Global Alliance against Hunger and Poverty at the international level. The Alliance will take concrete steps to integrate a set of established domestic public policy instruments that have proven successful in developing countries, including targeted cash transfers, school lunch programs, support for family farming and social security mechanisms. The program is open to all countries, which will have access to technical cooperation and financial resources, as well as international organizations, knowledge centers, development banks and funds, and philanthropic institutions. The Alliance represents Brazil’s commitment to reversing setbacks in the achievement of SDG 1 (“poverty eradication”) and SDG 2 (“zero hunger and sustainable agriculture”). Given their universal and comprehensive nature, the SDGs interact with the main global challenges: from the fight against poverty and hunger to combating climate change, including economic growth, gender equality and the promotion of equality. Brazil is fully committed to the realization of the 2030 Agenda through the multidimensional perspective that the implementation of the SDGs requires. **The Bolsa Familia Program is a conditional cash transfer that prioritizes women as household beneficiaries and also provides top-up benefits for women-headed households. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Brazil | Clarity, Transparency and Understanding. ii. Contextual matters. c. Other contextual aspirations and priorities acknowledged when joining the Paris Agreement. Energy transition Although it is very close to guaranteeing universal access to electricity, mainly through the Light for All Program, for its population (reaching 99.8% of the Brazilian population by 2022), Brazil still faces pressing challenges in promoting access to clean technologies for cooking food (with around 6.7% of the country’s population still using firewood and other rudimentary methods in 2022), with considerable regional levels of inequality still being recorded in the country. To address this issue, Brazil has proposed the creation of the LPG for All Program (Bill No. 3.335/2024), which aims to guarantee access to LPG cylinders for more than 20 million families in the coming years.' **Expanding access to clean cooking technology is likely to benefit women by easing unpaid care workloads and improving health through safer, more sustainable cooking and energy solutions. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Brazil | Planning and Implementation: Whole-of-government, whole-of-society, whole-of-economy To implement its NDC, Brazil will rely on its national process of updating the National Plan on Climate Change (Climate Plan). Aligned with the Pact for Ecological Transformation between the three branches of the Brazilian State, the Climate Plan will take a central role in the coordination of policies and measures related to both mitigation and adaptation, while systematizing the ways to achieve Brazil’s commitments to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement, in line with national objectives of sustainable development with social, environmental and climate justice. Defined by the Interministerial Committee on Climate Change, Brazil´s highest climate governance body, CIM, via Resolution 3 of September 14, 2023, the new Climate Plan will include: the “National Adaptation Strategy”, with sixteen sectoral adaptation plans; the “National Mitigation Strategy”, with seven sectoral mitigation plans; and a “Transversal Strategy”, covering the following themes common to both adaptation and mitigation: (i) Just Transition; (ii) Socio-environmental Impacts; (iii) Means of Implementation; (iv) Education, Training, Research, Development and Innovation Capacity; and (v) Monitoring, Management, Evaluation and Transparency. The ongoing Climate Plan update is being been informed by robust scientific knowledge and broad intersectoral and government-society dialogue, with comprehensive participation by government agencies at different levels of government, the private sector, civil society and the scientific community. (p.10) National Adaptation Guidelines and Objectives The National Adaptation Strategy contains the guidelines for the design and implementation of adaptation actions at the federal, state and municipal levels: 1. promoting sustainable development in its many dimensions, considering strategic sectors and themes for the country, with a view to reducing inequalities and to a just transition; 2. promoting climate justice based on the dimensions of gender, race, ethnicity, age, social class and other factors that influence vulnerability; 3. promoting environmental protection, conservation and preservation, guided by the principles of precaution and prevention; 4. multilevel and transversal governance, with a view to coherence, synergy and complementarity between strategies, taking into account territorial specificities; 5. promoting transparency and participatory processes with society; 6. mainstreaming adaptation into policies, programs and projects that may be affected by climate change, including through structuring initiatives and a long-term perspective; 7. strengthening institutional capacities at the different levels of government, including those needed to access sources of funding for adaptation and other means of implementation; 8. promoting co-benefits between adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions; 9. adoption of the best available knowledge, based on science, good sectoral and societal practices, traditional knowledge and other sources deemed appropriate; 10. integrating incremental and transformational actions, based on an understanding of climate-related risks and their multiple conditioning factors, with different time horizons and scales of execution; 11. promoting public awareness of climate change, its causes, consequences and approaches to risks reduction; 12. adopting Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) approaches, recognizing their potential to reduce climate risks and vulnerabilities in a systemic, flexible, socially just and cost-effective way, with mitigation co-benefits; 13. flexibility and adaptability of strategies, with context changes and revisions to the Plan to incorporate updates to the information and knowledge generated, as well as lessons learned. (p.11-12) (...) Based on these guidelines, sixteen sectoral and thematic adaptation plans are being developed, incorporating awareness-raising, training and conceptual alignment actions on topics such as EbA, climate emergency, human mobility and climate justice. The plans are as follows: (i) agriculture and livestock; (ii) family farming; (iii) biodiversity; (iv) cities; (v) risk and disaster management; (vi) industry; (vii) energy; (viii) transportation; (ix) racial equality and combating racism; (x) traditional peoples and communities; (xi) indigenous peoples; (xii) water resources; (xiii) health; (xiv) food and nutritional security; (xv) ocean and coastal zone; and (xvi) tourism. The sectoral plans are being developed under the leadership of the ministries responsible for the respective agendas, covering five chapters: context, with a description of the importance of adaptation and the institutional arrangements for each sector/theme; a summary of the main impacts, risks and vulnerabilities associated with climate change; objectives, targets and actions linked to the national adaptation objectives, with identification of funding sources; a description of the drafting process, the players involved and responsibilities for implementing the plan; and the lessons learned, good practices and barriers identified in the process, with recommendations for the implementation phase and the plan’s review cycles. (p.12) **Gender is integrated in draft documents developed as part of the Climate Plan, including the draft national mitigation strategy and all seven of the draft sectoral mitigation plans. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | 8. Monitoring and Evaluation: Governance, Means of Implementation, Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) and Transparency: 8.2. Costing and Financing Strategy: Role of Climate Funds and Blended Finance (...) Cambodia should explicitly articulate its intent to access the newly operational Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), positioning this mechanism as a core source of support to address both economic and non-economic climate-related impacts. A key first step is the development of a national loss and damage needs assessment, quantifying impacts such as flood-related infrastructure damage, salinization of agricultural lands, loss of cultural heritage and displacement in low-lying areas. For instance, Cambodia’s annual average flood-related damages are estimated at the range of USD 100-170 million (UNDRR-supported Disaster Risk Finance Country Diagnostic), a figure that underscores the relevance of FRLD interventions. The assessment should directly link with NDC 3.0 priorities, making the case for scaling up ongoing efforts such as mangrove restoration, nature-based flood control infrastructure, and local relocation schemes. Proposals should aim to demonstrate blended finance structures - such as 70% L&DF contribution combined with 30% domestic resources or co-financing from climate funds like the GCF - to improve their attractiveness and scalability. All interventions must include basic but robust monitoring frameworks, with indicators such as number of hectares protected, the percentage reduction in livelihood losses, or number of households benefiting from risk reduction measures. **Measures addressing non-economic loss and damage are likely to benefit women by addressing the social, cultural, and wellbeing impacts of climate change—areas where they are often most affected yet overlooked in recovery efforts. |
Economic security
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Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 1. Increase the share of RE-installed capacity to 72% by 2035 (conditionally to 80% by 2035) The measure focuses on scaling up utility-scale solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and pumped hydro storage, while also promoting grid modernization to enhance energy efficiency and reliability. This transition will be implemented in two key phases: 70% RE by 2030, followed by a further increase to 72% by 2035, ensuring a gradual yet decisive shift away from fossil fuel dependency in the power sector. A core element of this plan is the prioritization of modern RE technologies, particularly solar and wind, to diversify Cambodia's energy mix and maximize sustainability. CO-BENEFITS: -Energy security, reduced reliance on imported fuels, job creation, and rural electrification. -Position the country as a regional leader in clean energy, attracting green investments and fostering innovation. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Targeted training to increase women's participation in solar/wind careers, tracking women in senior roles (baseline 2021: 21.5%) and sectoral employment (baseline 18% (EDC), 27% (EAC). - Implement pro-poor tariffs and support community-owned REprojects and reskilling workers, create alternative livelihoods for communities affected by coal phase-outs. MME (lead) WITH EAC, EDC BASELINE INDICATOR: Installed Capacity 2020 (MW)/Share % in 2020 Hydro/1329.7/33% Pump storage/0/0% Solar/296.8/7% BESS/0/0% Wind/0/0% Biomass/30.57/1% LNG/0/0% Coal/675/17% Fuel oil/659/17% Import Laos/371/9% Import Thailand 277.3/7% Import Vietnam 332.45/8% Total/3971.988/100% TARGETS: 72% RE installed capacity (unconditional), up to 80% conditional. MRV: RE Installed capacity by type per Annum Annual Report of EAC CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 15.335 (uncond) Additional 10.223 (cond) [2026-2035] PS: Mobilizing investment via PPPs, green incentives, and streamlined regulations. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Solar PV, Onshore wind, Dam reservoir/ run river and Waste to Energy. Technology transfer: Promoting local manufacturing capacity and knowledge sharing for solar, wind, and waste-to-energy technologies. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 3. Improve supply-side energy efficiency through the adoption of grid modernization technologies (e.g., high temperature low sag technologies, more efficiency conductors, etc.) This measure focuses on upgrading Cambodia's electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure through advanced grid technologies to reduce technical losses and enhance energy efficiency. Key interventions include, among others, deploying high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductors, high-efficiency transformers, and dynamic line rating systems, which collectively minimize power wastage and increase the grid's capacity to integrate renewable energy. By modernizing power system infrastructure, Cambodia can significantly reduce the 8-12% technical losses currently experienced in its grid, while improving reliability and reducing the need for additional fossil-fuel-based generation to compensate for inefficiencies. CO-BENEFITS: - Improved air quality - Reduced power outages and associated economic losses thanks to enhanced grid reliability and stability - Improved energy security and reduced import dependency for fossil fuels CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Training programs for youth (especially women) in grid technology installation and maintenance, creating pathways to green jobs. - Partnerships with vocational schools to integrate RE and smart grid curricula. MME (lead) WITH EAC, EDC BASELINE INDICATOR: - HTLS conductors deployed: 0 km - High-efficiency transformers deployed: 0 units - Technical distribution losses: 8-12% (est) TARGETS: -HTLS conductors deployed: 500 km (Cover ~10% of critical transmission corridors (prioritizing high-loss areas). -High-efficiency transformers deployed: 5000 units. Replace 15-20% of aging distribution transformers -Technical distribution losses: ≤5.5% (~40% reduction from baseline, aligning with ASEAN best practices MRV: EDC Annual Report or Project Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 2.738 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Technology is mature and globally available, but Cambodia should select Cost-effective solutions suited to its grid, climate, and development goals and ensure proper installation, skilled operation, and maintenance. MME calls for techno-economic evaluations before adoption. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 4. Phase down coal-fired power plants This measure outlines Cambodia's commitment to gradually reduce reliance on coal-fired power plants while ensuring energy security during the transition to renewable energy. The strategy involves implementing a coal moratorium on new projects, accelerating the retirement of older inefficient plants, and transitioning some existing facilities to cleaner alternatives like biomass co-firing or LNG as transition fuels. This phased approach prioritizes grid stability while aligning with LTS4CN and its pledge to achieve an 72% renewable energy share in installed capacity by 2035. CO-BENEFITS: -Mitigates water stress, safeguarding agricultural and community water resources. - Improved air quality bolsters community health resilience, particularly for vulnerable groups. - Fosters economic resilience by creating diversified green jobs and local supply chains. - Support climate adaptation through solar-powered health clinics and disaster resilient microgrids. - Enhances energy security by diversifying Cambodia's power mix with renewables. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI & PS: - Target women and youth from coal-dependent communities through reskilling programmes in renewable energy (solar/wind installation, grid modernization) and sustainable industries. - Support young women pursuing technical degrees to build a gender-balanced workforce through STEM Scholarships. - Prioritize young workers in RE projects, with quotas for women and support women-led businesses in recycling coal plant materials or providing clean energy services through microgrants. MME (lead) WITH EAC, EDC BASELINE INDICATOR: (2020) No more new coal investment policy #of early retirements of coal power plant with capacity in MW = 0 MW 32 %of power generation from coal power plants in total power generation 4 coal power plants with total installed capacity of 1,375 MW. TARGETS: -No more new coal investment policy = 1 -Number of early retirements of coal power plant with capacity in MW = 150 MW -14% of power generation from coal power plants in total power generation MRV: ETM Project Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 0 MtCO₂e The phasing down mitigation potential is accounted under the other energy mitigation policies, not here to avoid double counting. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Solar, wind, hydro, and energy storage |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 5. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) from Coal Power Plants This measure explores the feasibility of capturing CO₂ emissions existing coal-fired power plants and repurposing them for industrial and food-grade applications, such as beverage carbonation, urea production, or concrete curing. Given Cambodia's limited CCS (carbon capture and storage) geology, the focus will be on low-cost capture technologies (e.g., modular amine scrubbing) paired with short-cycle utilization to create economic value while reducing emissions. The initiative targets coal plants in Sihanoukville, which contribute ~36% of GHG Emission from the energy sector (IEA, 2025). It was estimated that around 30 GgCO₂e will be captured and utilized. CO-BENEFITS: - Revenue from waste CO₂ (estimated at $510/ton for industrial uses). -Attracts international climate tech investment, foster local R&D through pilot projects, and open potential for carbon credit exports under Article 6. - Builds local technical capacity and partnerships - Reduced air pollution, lower water use, and improved energy security. - Improve of community health, skilled green job creation, and support for women's economic roles through CO₂-based enterprises. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI & PS: - Develop specialized courses in CCU technology for youth (prioritizing female students) - Facilitate workshops where international experts mentor young Cambodian engineers (50% female participation target) - Support female entrepreneurs - Mandate 30% procurement from women/youth-owned businesses for CCU - Set workforce targets (40% women, 60% youth) for CCU plant operations - Include equal representation of women and youth in project planning MME (lead) WITH EDC BASELINE INDICATOR: (2020) - 0 GgCO₂e captured and utilized - Private investment mobilized: USD 0 Million TARGETS: -240 GgCO₂e captured and utilized - USD 16 Million Private investment mobilized MRV: EDC Annual Report or Project Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 4.891 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Technologies are available but require demonstration projects and localization for cost reduction |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 6. Adopt efficient and clean energy for cooking This measure aims to transform Cambodia's household and institutional cooking practices by promoting widespread adoption of energy-efficient cookstoves and clean cooking solutions (e.g., improved biomass stoves, biogas, LPG, and electric induction). Targeting 72.8% of rural households still reliant on traditional wood/charcoal stoves (NIS 2021), the initiative addresses both forest conservation and public health by reducing indoor air pollution. The measure will target a 30% clean cookstove adoption by 203 and 60% by 2035 CO-BENEFITS: - Health improvements - Time savings, previously spent collecting firewood, creates income opportunities through women-led enterprises in stove sales and maintenance - Environmental protection by reducing demand for fuelwood -Eligibility for carbon credits - Generation of jobs - Reduced household energy costs, increased energy access & security CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of households switching to clean cooking solutions with clean cookstove, disaggregated by sex of HOH; - # and % of women participating in the design, promotion, distribution, and M&E of cookstove adoption programs. MME (lead) WITH MAFF BASELINE INDICATOR: Type of fuel/Cambodia/Phnom Penn/Other urban/Rural Firewood/49.9/4.6/35. 8/65.8 Charcoal/6.7/2.4/8.6/7 LPG/42.8//92.5/54.8/26.7 Publicly-provided electricity/City power/0.5/0.4/0.6/0.4 Total/100/100/100/100 CSES 2021 TARGETS: -National: 60% - Rural: 50%, focus: Biogas/LPG + efficient biomass stoves - Phnom Penh: 98%, focus: LPG/electric induction saturation - Other urban: 95%: focus: LPG expansion + electric transition MRV: CSES Report or Project Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 2.129 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Improved biomass stoves, biogas digesters, LPG systems, and electric induction cooktops are available, affordable, adaptable to rural settings. Additionally, digital tools and Training programs enhance accessibility and ensure sustainable adoption. |
Economic security
Unpaid care work
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 7. Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling (S&L) Program for residential This measure establishes mandatory Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and energy labeling for high-consumption residential appliances, including air conditioners, refrigerators, fans, LED light, and rice cookers. Targeting appliances that account for ~60% of household electricity use, the program will phase out inefficient models while promoting affordable, high-efficiency alternatives through a tiered labeling system (15 stars). The initiative builds and aligns with ASEAN harmonized standards, ensuring access to regionally tested, climate-appropriate technologies. COBENEFITS: - Strengthens economic resilience and free up income for education, healthcare - Stimulates private sector innovation and creating green jobs in manufacturing, retail, and compliance sectors. - Enhances regional trade opportunities while ensuring, decreases reliance on fossil fuel imports, bolstering energy security CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI & PS: - # women supported through STEM scholarships in EE engineering/design and - # women entrepreneurs supported accessing in the EE appliance value chain - # youth engaged in vocational training, in appliance manufacturing and testing MME (lead) WITH MEF, MOC, MISTI BASELINE INDICATOR: Number of residential designated appliances with EE S&L: 0 in 2020 TARGETS: Number of residential designated appliances with EE S&L: 5 in 2035 MRV: MME Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 3.276 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Labelling of electrical regulated appliances comply with MEPS for Electrical regulated appliances |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 8. Energy Efficiency S&L Program for Industrial designated appliances This measure introduces mandatory MEPS and energy labeling for key industrial appliances (e.g. transformers, engines, fans, air compressors, pumps, and boilers) which collectively account for over 50% of industrial energy consumption in Cambodia. By phasing out inefficient models and promoting high-efficiency alternatives, the program aims to improve energy efficiency in Cambodia's garment, building, and manufacturing sectors. CO-BENEFITS: - Reduced industrial operating costs by 15-30% through lower energy bills. - Creates demand for skilled technicians, develops local expertise - Reduces industrial water usage through efficient cooling systems and electronic waste. -Improves worker safety through modernized, temperature regulated facilities and creates higher value jobs in green technology sectors CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Targeted training for women, support for women-led SMEs as well as modernizing equipment to reduce physical strain in factories - Developing youth apprenticeship programs and funding youth-led innovations in industrial IoT for monitoring. PS: Concessional loans to commercial customers for EE equipment and small manufacturers for equipment upgrades + creating EE demo hubs MME (lead) WITH MEF, MOC, MISTI BASELINE INDICATOR: Number of industrial designated appliances with EE S&L: 0 in 2020 TARGETS: Number of industrial designated appliances with EE S&L: 3 in 2035 MRV: MME Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 6.651 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Establish testing labs for Cambodia specific efficiency solutions - Promote smart metering and AI-driven energy optimization - Develop standards for efficient equipment refurbishment/recycling |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 9. Establishment of the digital energy balance linking with energy management program for the building (MLMUPC), Industry, and SME Sector (MISTI) and others Digital energy management technology uses digital tools like sensors, smart meters, and software to monitor, analyze, and manage energy consumption, ultimately aiming to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. This technology leverages data to identify areas for optimization, allowing for informed decision-making and automation of energy saving processes. The proposed measure establishes a national digital energy balance platform to integrate real-time energy data across key sectors, including buildings (managed by MLMUPC), industries, and SMEs (under MISTI). By creating a unified system for energy monitoring and management, Cambodia can optimize demand-side efficiency. The initiative supports Cambodia's NEEP. CO-BENEFITS: - Improves collaboration between LMs and other institutions reducing bureaucratic fragmentation. - Improved energy security & grid resilience - Accelerates innovation and demonstrates scalable models for digital governance CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Promotes gender-inclusive recruitment in tech-driven energy roles and establishes "green digital" career pathways in energy informatics and smart grid management for youth PS: New models for data sharing, market opportunities for local tech startups, Performance-based contracts for ESCOs and certification for energy auditors. MME (lead) WITH MLMUPC, MISTI BASELINE INDICATOR: Number report published = 0 TARGETS: Digital Energy Balanced Established and operational Number report published = 5 MRV: MME REPORT CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 4.807 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Adoption of energy monitoring software, integration with digital infrastructure, and cybersecurity measures Requires parallel investments in cybersecurity frameworks and data protection standards |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 10. Establishment of MEPS for public lighting This measure introduces MEPS for Cambodia's public lighting systems, including streetlights, garden lighting, and municipal infrastructure. The standards will phase out inefficient technologies (e.g., high-pressure sodium lamps) in favor of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting with smart controls, reducing energy consumption by 50-70% while improving illumination quality and safety contributing to the objectives of Cambodia's NEEP. CO-BENEFITS: Reduced municipal energy bills, lower maintenance costs - Job creation and opportunities for local SMEs. - Enhanced public safety, reducing accidents and crime rates. - Reduced light pollution improving urban livability. - Lower GHG emissions from reduced electricity demand. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Targeted recruitment of women in technical roles, safer street lighting for reduced gender-based mobility restrictions - Digital skills development in smart lighting controls and auditing certification opportunities for youth PS: Incentives for local manufacturing of EE fixtures, reducing import dependence. Market expansion for suppliers and startups. MME (lead) WITH MPWT BASELINE INDICATOR: No National lighting code TARGETS: National lighting code prepared and published MRV: Government reports CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 1.202 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: LED and efficient lighting technologies are widely available and cost effective |
Economic security
Gender-based violence
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy: 11. Development of Building Energy Code policy framework & inclusion of a Passive Cooling strategies performance indicator This measure aims at accelerating the Cambodian Government effort with Energy Efficiency and the Building Sector. The Inclusion of a Passive Cooling Strategies performance index within the country building energy regulations, will support and accelerate the practical implementation of the Building Energy Codes with options (technologies & know-how) that are already available and accessible (costs) in Cambodia. CO-BENEFITS: - Contribution to decrease pollution / Ozone damage (with less harmful refrigerants - Cooler buildings & Cities (lowering UHIE) contributing to better Environment & well-being for all CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Integrate gender-responsive design into the building code: ventilation for kitchen areas, safe night cooling access, thermal comfort rates etc. - Prioritize women in "Passive Cooling Technician" training. 40% target - Support women-led businesses for certified projects and the co-design social housing cooling solutions. - Develop Khmer language apps for DIY cooling retrofits. PS: Incentives & Subsidies, like tax rebates for BECcompliant projects, subsidies for local production of cooling materials, ESCOs models, Green Bonds (certified "Cool Building" portfolios for investors), create "Cooling Material Hubs" for local suppliers, PPPs for bulk procurement: Lower costs by 20-30%. MLMUPC (lead) WITH MME BASELINE INDICATOR: Baseline 2020: No Building energy Code TARGETS: - 34%/25% energy consumption reduction in residential/commercial building - 20% of new buildings complies with BEC by 2030 - Min 2%/y of existing total public and commercial buildings with Passive Cooling Strategies renovation and comply with BEC by 2030 - Min 10% of buildings renovated with passive cooling strategies, to comply with BEC by 2035 - Pilots for 4 new buildings, 2 existing commercial buildings, 2 public buildings, 2 will be equipped with Passive Cooling Strategies -By 2028, 500 engineers trained in building energy assessment and certification process -By 2029, at least 100 buildings certified under BEC MRV: MLMUPC annual report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 2.978 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Available and accessible in Cambodia (technology, know-how, costs), through knowledge documents, like PCS design guidelines (official version released by mid-2025), PCS Compendium, Typology Analysis Several Practitioners Technical Trainings for PCS best practices including trainings of trainers have been delivered Passive Cooling Strategies are under draft integration within Architectural Design Technical Regulation document. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy/Transport: 12. Accelerate integrated public transport and low-carbon urban mobility in major cities This measure expands transit-oriented urban spaces with integrated public transport, better coverage, and traffic upgrades, while enhancing walkability, and green spaces to cut emissions and improve inclusive, resilient urban access. CO-BENEFITS: The measure cuts GHG emissions by shifting trips to cleaner, shared modes, while improving air quality, reducing congestion, and expanding access for women, low income groups, and persons with disabilities. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Proportion of children elderly, women, and people with disabilities participating in public transport consultations. Baseline: 10%, target 30% MPWT (lead) WITH MEF, SNA AND CITY ADMINISTRATIONS BASELINE INDICATOR: Modal share of urban public buses in 2035: 2.5% TARGETS: Modal share of urban public buses in 2035: 15% MRV: Track annual ridership, trip length, and vehicle kilometer travelled (VKM) using city transport data; report via MPWT; periodic audits. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 0.3 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Standard, fuel efficient, and electric buses as well as e-ticketing systems are available, though dedicated bus lanes are lacking. |
Participation and leadership
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Mitigation | Transportation |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy/Transport: 14. Develop an integrated, centralized transport data platform to enforce standards, support planning and MRV tracking This measure links vehicle inspection data with other systems to enforce safety and emission standards, support phased regulations, improve air quality, and enhance planning, equity, and progress tracking. CO-BENEFITS: The platform supports emissions reduction, enhances air quality, and enables more equitable service planning by integrating data across vehicle types and transport services as well as predicting / assessing impact of new transport policies. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Improved data enables gender responsive, inclusive transport planning by identifying mobility gaps and enhancing access and safety for women and underserved groups. MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Centralized transport data platform: 0 TARGETS: (i) 1 centralized transport data platform (ii) 2/3 of inspection centers are capable of measuring and tracking emissions; (a) 80% of registered vehicles inspected. (b) Vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) by vehicle and fuel types (c) GHG and non-CO2 emissions (including black carbon) MRV: Track vehicle stock, scrappage, and emissions via inspection centers and operator data; report in MPWT annual reports; verify using customs and registration records. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 2.6 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Digital MRV platforms and vehicle inspection data systems are widely available and can be built using modular, cloud-based solutions tailored to national needs |
Gender mainstreaming
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Mitigation | Transportation |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy/Transport: 15. Scale up the adoption of electric mobility for low-carbon road transport This measure accelerates e-mobility through EV infrastructure, incentives, and partnerships, supporting Cambodia's EV and climate goals while promoting inclusive access for women and underserved groups. CO-BENEFITS: The measure cuts GHG and air pollutant emissions, lowers transport costs, and improves public health outcomes, especially in dense urban areas. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Clean e-mobility improves safe, affordable access for women and creates opportunities for low-income and informal transport users. PS: Activity to be undertaken in close cooperation with private sector players MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: E-2 wheelers: 8,650 E-3 wheelers: 2,375 E-cars: 4,750 TARGETS: Unconditional target (i) E-2 wheelers: 35% of total motorcycle fleet (ii) E-3 wheelers: 5% of total tuk tuk fleet (iii) Passenger e-cars: 5% of total car stock Conditional target: (i) Urban e-buses: 20% of public bus fleet MRV: Track EV uptake via MPWT and registration data; report in MPWT annual report; verify with utility records on EV charging. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 11.6 (Uncond) 12.1 (Cond) [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Electric vehicles are increasingly available though they are 1.5 2 times more expensive than baseline vehicles |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Transportation |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy/Transport: 17. Enhance efficient and low-carbon waterborne transport through Funan Techo Canal The Funan Techo Canal, Cambodia's largest inland waterway, will connect the Mekong to the sea via a 172 km route, cutting freight trips by up to 80 km and reducing costs, fuel use, and emissions. It also supports water management, agriculture, flood control, and tourism. CO-BENEFITS: It reduces fuel use and emissions through shorter travel distances (up to 80 km saved), while promoting cleaner shipping and boosting agricultural trade and eco-tourism CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Improved transport and water infrastructure boost access to markets and services for women and support livelihoods for low-income, riverine communities. PS: Activity to be undertaken in close cooperation with private sector players MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Modal share (passenger and freight) of waterborne transport: 2.5% TARGETS: Modal share (passenger and freight) of waterborne transport: 6% MRV: Track vessel fuel use and distance saved via MPWT and port data; MPWT annual report; verify through audits and GPS checks. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 19.1 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Canal construction and water management systems are proven applications in many countries for integrated transport and multi-purpose water management. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Transportation |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy/Manufacturing and Construction: 19. Energy Management Program to Enhance Sustainable energy efficient in industries Develop regulations promoting energy efficiency, including leveraging MME's work on standards and labeling for key industrial equipment improvement across all industries (GFT, F&B, agro processing, i.e., rubber, rice, cassava, electrical industries etc.): - Implementation of standards and labeling protocols and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for industrial equipment; - Support from the NEEP 2022-2030; - Alignment with Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production Strategy and Action Plan for Industry and SME Sector 2021-2030 CO-BENEFITS: -Reduction of mass emission load by 87%, from 251 kg of Suspended particulate matter (SPM) to 33 kg SPM -Enhanced energy security and reduced vulnerability to energy price fluctuations for industries. -Improved operational reliability and cost-effectiveness of machinery. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women trained in EE, energy management and sustainable energy technologies - prioritize energy efficiency measures that also lead to improved working conditions and support women-owned and operated manufacturing SMEs to adopt EE measures MISTI (lead) WITH MAFF FOR AGRO-PROCESSING INTERVENTIONS AND WITH MME ON STANDARDS AND LABELING BASELINE INDICATOR: 24% saving on electricity compared to BAU by 2035 18.6 TWh cumulative savings 2025-2035 TARGETS: -Mandatory energy performance reporting for designated energy consumers (above a certain threshold). -Basic reporting by other factories MRV: CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 7.5 [2025-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Available |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Industry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Energy/Manufacturing and Construction: 20. Renewable and efficient steam generation Targets steam using industries (GFT, F&B, agro-processing), focusing on steam system efficient improvement and gradual transition to sustainable biomass fuels, biogas recovery from waste water or electrification from renewable energy sources. Leverages on the FOLU action on developing certified sustainable wood supply chains CO-BENEFITS: - Reduction in air pollution and support for deforestation reduction efforts. - Potential for job creation in sustainable biomass supply chains and REN sectors. - Enhanced competitiveness for industries adopting greener practices CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: # of women in technical fields (engineers and energy professionals) in developing regulations for sustainable thermal energy generation. MISTI (lead) WITH MAFF AND MME BASELINE INDICATOR: 30% of the wood is plantation wood Average steam system efficiency is 42% TARGETS: 100% wood is sustainable. Of which around 6% met by methane recover from industrial waste water. Average steam system efficiency is 80% MRV: - Reports by factories. - MISTI annual reports CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 11.4 (0.09 non-CO2e emissions from biomass) [2025-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Readily available |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Industry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Industry/IPPU: 25. HFC Phase-down in cooling by transitioning to low-GWP alternatives This measure gradually reduces hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) unconditionally, by promoting low-GWP alternatives through regulations, capacity building and private sector participation (synergies with NEEP, National Cooling Action Plan and LTS4CN) CO-BENEFITS: It contributes to improved air quality, reduces energy demand, and creates green jobs in cooling services and equipment maintenance. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: % of women technicians trained in cooling and refrigeration technologies. MOE (lead) WITH MISTI BASELINE INDICATOR: Projected emissions in 2035: 0.62 tCO2e TARGETS: Unconditional: 56% GHG reduction by from projected 2035 levels. Conditional: 72% GHG reduction by from projected 2035 levels. MRV: Track the consumption of HFCs, as per MoE Verification Reports on HFCs consumption to UNEP CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 1.8 (Uncond) 2.4 (Cond) [2026-2035] Baseline:0%; target: 10% PS: Potential for carbon financing TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Low-GWP refrigerant technologies such as CO₂, R- 290, and HFOs Are commercially available yet expensive. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Industry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 26. Increase the adoption of management and intermittent flooding in rice fields Encourage the adoption of non- photosensitivity rice cultivars alongside a shift from continuously flooded fields to intermittent irrigation methods. The proposed action aims to: 1. Integrate AWD into national and subnational agricultural water-use policies and guidelines.; 2. Incentivize AWD through subsidy schemes (e.g., for water-saving equipment or land leveling services).; 3. Establish inter-agency coordination (e.g., MAFF, MOWRAM, local authorities) for irrigation scheduling and water governance.; 4. Facilitate access to microfinance or grants for smallholder farmers to invest in AWD enabling tools. 5. Implement performance-based payments (e.g., for water use reduction of GHG mitigation under climate-smart agriculture financing). CO-BENEFITS: -Reduced input costs and improved yield stability in drought-prone or water-scarce areas. -Enhanced soil health by reducing waterlogging and promoting better root growth. -Increased resilience of smallholder farmers to water stress and climate variability. -Improved gender participation when water-saving technologies. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: N/A MAFF (lead) WITH MOWRAM BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 1) 335 kg/ha for nonphotosensitive rice varieties and the total fertilizer use in a total of 670,000 ton of which including: Urea 340,000 ton, DAP: 130,000 ton, KCL:200,000 ton 2) Most farmers apply continuous flooding in irrigated rice production TARGETS: 1) Reduce chemical fertilizer of 15% by 2035 of 2 million hectare of nonphotosensitive Rice varieties. 2) Increase the substitute use of biochar/ organic fertilizer of 15% of non- photosensitive rice varieties. 3) 90.000 ha of rice managed using intermittent flooding practices (e.g., AWD, midseason drainage etc.), and SRP. MRV: National Assessment reports CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 7.07 [2021-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: -Laser Land Leveling -Solar-Powered Irrigation -Digital Tools and Smart Irrigation |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 27. Increase Mechanized Direct Seeded-Rice (mDSR) Support the adoption of dry direct seeding techniques and increased mechanization in rice cultivation to reduce labor demand, lower production costs, and improve efficiency. They contribute to replacing traditional transplanting with machine-based direct seeding. It reduces labor demand, saves water, shortens the cropping cycle, and cuts methane emissions. 1. Integrate mDSR into national rice and climate-smart agriculture strategies, such as the National Action Plan for Rice Sector Development. 2. Subsidize or provide tax incentives on mDSR equipment. 3. Develop national technical guidelines on mDSR practices, including land preparation, seed rates, and weed management protocols. 4. Promote inclusive financing mechanisms, including Machinery leasing schemes and soft loans or grants for service providers and cooperatives. CO-BENEFITS: -Significant labor savings, especially in transplanting season -Reduction in methane emissions. -Lower disturbance improves structure and organic matter -Faster crop maturity and potential for increased cropping Intensity -DSR saves significant irrigation water and contributes to less labour intensive and time. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Promote equitable access to mechanization services for women headed households and marginalized farmers. - Involve women in extension training, decision-making, and ownership models. - Link mDSR programs to youth entrepreneurship (e.g., business incubation for machinery rental services). PS: Leverage PPPs to increase supply and maintenance of mDSR equipment. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: By 2035, 100.000 ha of rice cultivation area under mDSR TARGETS: By 2035, 100.000 ha of rice cultivation area under mDSR MRV: The assessment of adoption rates in target areas including quantification of water consumption used for establishment of rice crop CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: N/A TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: -Manual and motorized seed drills (2-wheel and 4-wheel tractor mounted) -Laser land leveling equipment (supported in Battambang, Kampong Thom, and Takeo etc.) -Rotary tillers and disc harrows for dry land preparation |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 30. Introduce agro-ecological practices, land productivities including reducing tillage and sustainable agriculture (such as mulching, cover cropping, crop rotations, alternative crops) Support the promotion and scaling-up of agroecological practices, with a focus on reduced tillage, to improve soil structure, enhance soil moisture retention, and reduce erosion. These practices contribute to enhancing carbon stock, increased soil organic matter, and greater climate resilience, while maintaining productivity and promoting long-term sustainability in agricultural systems. CO-BENEFITS: -Enhance dietary diversity and local food availability -Climate information services, like Seasonal forecasting and EWS. -Promotes collective action, and social safety nets in vulnerable farming communities. -Diversification of livelihood options, increasing household income stability. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Empower women, indigenous communities, and marginalized groups. Ensuring equitable access to land, resources, training, and decision-making roles is critical to maximizing benefits and inclusivity. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): The cultivated of the sustainable agriculture, agroecological practices on 2,508 ha. TARGETS: By 2035 - At least 16000 ha of the agriculture production applied the Agro-ecological practices, Conservation Agriculture, Climate Smart Practices. - 30 % of women farmers trained in agroecological practices, reduced tillage, improved soil structure, enhanced soil moisture retention, and reduced erosion. MRV: Mid-term review of the NDC 3.0 to be conducted to evaluate the application of the CA/SI and AE in Cambodia. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: N/A TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Conservation Tillage and No- Till Equipment -Water-Saving Irrigation technologies -Digital Tools and Decision Support Systems |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 31. Improve animal waste management for soil improvement and rural energy Support the development of sustainable animal waste management systems to convert livestock waste into valuable resources for soil improvement and renewable energy in rural areas. Properly managed manure can be used as organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and structure, while biogas production from animal waste offers a clean, affordable energy source for rural households. These practices contribute to circular agriculture, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote climate-smart farming solutions. The objectives are: 1. Integrate Biogas in Manure Management Guidelines; 2. Assess and Promote Bioslurry Valorization Technologies; 3. Scale Up Composting through a National Promotion Programme CO-BENEFITS: - Reducing environmental pollution and public health risks. - Enhance soil fertility, improve moisture retention, and increase crop resilience to drought. - Reduces dependence on synthetic fertilizers, lowering production costs and diversifying farmer income. - Replaces firewood and fossil fuels, supporting forest conservation and climate mitigation. - Eases fuel collection for women, reduces exposure to indoor smoke, and frees time for productive or caregiving tasks CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Reduce women's labor burden in fuel collection and lowers health risks from indoor smoke, allowing them more time for productive or leisure activities. - Create job opportunities for youth in biogas technology provision and related businesses. PS: Recognizes the private sector as the primary provider and driver of biogas technology adoption. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2020) 28,683 biodigesters constructed. Projected number (from 2021 to 2025): An estimated 4,588 biodigesters constructed annually. Projected baseline (2025): 51,623 biodigesters constructed. TARGETS: (2035) -100% increase in commercial pig population after 2020 using biogas -Swine population is growing by 6% until 2030, and of about 3% from 2030 onwards -25% of commercial cattle population using biogas -Household biodigester (cattle + pig): 65000 units in 2030, 97000 in 2035 -Cattle population is growing by 1.5%/y in 2022- 2030, and by 0.8%/y from 2030 to 2050 MRV: -Reporting by National Biogas Programme -5-yearly survey of commercial pig farm management practices, of commercial cattle farm management practices -Compost promotion programme monitoring and evaluation system data -BTR -MAFF Annual Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 9.27 [2021-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Anaerobic digestion -Composting -Biochar Production. - Manure Storage - Precision Application for efficient manure spreading to minimize pollution. - Nutrient Recovery -Bioenergy Feedstock -Advanced Treatment, such as filtration or wetlands to clean manure effluents. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 32. Improve fodder and feeding for livestock production Encourage the adoption of feed additives in cattle production systems to improve feed efficiency, enhance animal health, and reduce enteric methane emissions. The use of scientifically proven additives such as enzymes, probiotics, and methane inhibitors can contribute to higher productivity, lower environmental impact, and support the transition to climate-smart livestock systems. CO-BENEFITS: Better feeding improves farm income and resilience to market shocks. - Fodder conservation supports livestock productivity during dry seasons and climate extremes. - Reduces women's time spent sourcing feed, freeing time for other activities. - Support climate resilient, productive, and gender-sensitive livestock systems. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Support women's roles in cattle raising by actively involving them in training programs and farm decision-making processes. PS: Encourage farms and SMEs to participate in quality seed and vegetative matter production, while agrodealers supply supplements and additives to improve feed efficiency. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2020) -Cattle population: 2,836,536 head adopted conventional practices of livestock productions -Projected Population: 2025: 3 598 420 head, 2030: 3 870 503 head -Population is growing by 1.5% per year between 2022 and 2030, and by 0.8% per year from 2030 onwards TARGETS: (2035) -5% of the household other cattle is receiving better feeding practices, or about 201 391 heads. -30% of women livestock farmers trained on the adoption of feed additives in cattle production systems MRV: -5-yearly surveys that assess the diet composition of cattle on household scale farms. -BTR -MAFF Annual Report CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 0.57 [2021-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Skills and knowledge for forage production and livestock feeding are available, quality seed and vegetative planting material can be locally sourced. Further research is needed to assess the methane reducing potential of emerging feed additives. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 33. Improve Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Sustainable Natural Rubber (SNR) The measure is improving productivity, quality, and environmental stewardship within the rubber sector. Advancing GAP, farmers are empowered with knowledge and techniques that enhance soil health, optimize resource use, reduce chemical inputs, and improve overall farm management. Simultaneously, supporting the adoption of Sustainable Natural Rubber standards ensures that rubber production aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasizing traceability, deforestation-free supply chains, respect for labor rights, and resilience to climate change with following objectives: 1. Integrate GAP and SNR into national and subnational agricultural policies and guidelines 2. Incentivize GAP and SNR through subsidy schemes 3. Promote climate smart agriculture CO-BENEFITS: -Enhance productivity, improve soil fertility and carbon storage. -High quality rubber for markets, and promote safer, fairer labor conditions. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Develop training of- trainers (ToT) programs and ensure the youth groups, women and minorities group involved in the capacity development. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 100 ha piloted GAP and SNR located in Mondulkiri and Ratanakiri province TARGETS: (2035): 1) 50,000 ha Increased of harvested areas of SNR and GAP (Nutrient management and rubber wood) MRV: The record on the reduction of emission from N fertilizer, Pesticide and Herbicide CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 0.002 [2021-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: -Cover cropping and mulching -Compost and organic fertilizers -Protective gear and safety measures -Low Frequency Tapping |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 34. Introduce agroforestry practices on rubber-high value timber for smallholders The measure is improving productivity, quality, and environmental stewardship within the rubber sector. Advancing GAP, farmers are empowered with knowledge and techniques that enhance soil health, optimize resource use, reduce chemical inputs, and improve overall farm management. Simultaneously, supporting the adoption of Sustainable Natural Rubber standards ensures that rubber production aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasizing traceability, deforestation-free supply chains, respect for labor rights, and resilience to climate change with following objectives: 1. Integrate GAP and SNR into national and subnational agricultural policies and guidelines 2. Incentivize GAP and SNR through subsidy schemes 3. Promote climate smart agriculture CO-BENEFITS: Enhances biodiversity, diversifies income, and reduces reliance on latex alone. It strengthens climate resilience, improves soil health, and supports long-term sustainability. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Promotes equal access to resources, training, and benefits for women and marginalized groups MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 0 ha TARGETS: (2035): 1) 2000 ha agroforestry practices on rubber-high value timber for smallholders MRV: 1) Biomass increment 2) Volume of merchantable of high value timber CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: N/A TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Double row spacing - Cover cropping and mulching - Pruning and canopy management - Post harvest of wood product |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 35. Introduce sustainable rubber wood harvesting Support the financial sustainability of rubber smallholders during periods of declining latex yields by enabling income generation from harvested rubber wood for timber. This provides an additional revenue stream while maintaining continuous land productivity through timely replanting. The sustainable cycle enhances carbon sequestration, reduces pressure on natural forests, and supports soil and water conservation. Economically, it diversifies income and strengthens long-term financial planning. Socially, it creates rural employment, builds community resilience, promotes stable land use, and contributes to poverty reduction CO-BENEFITS: 1) Provides smallholders with an alternative revenue stream from rubber wood products. 2) Enhance micro and small enterprises (furniture, biomass energy, crafts) in rural areas CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Inclusive value chain development can enhance women's roles in timber processing, marketing, and enterprise development. - Promotes access to training and fair benefit sharing mechanisms among the local producers, youth and women MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 0 ha TARGETS: (2035): 150,000 hectare of rubber plantation improved sustainable rubber wood production MRV: 1) Clear cutting and replanted areas guideline and manuals 2) GDR annual reporting 3) MAFF reporting in line with the NDC tracking system CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: N/A TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Climate smart agriculture - Planning for rubber plantation - Post harvesting technique for rubber wood |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - FOLU: 37. Reduce deforestation through REDD+ Mechanism and other measures This measure supports the reduction of deforestation by implementing key actions outlined in the National REDD+ Strategy Action and Investment Plan, the Circular Strategy on Environment (2023-2028), and other relevant policies. Moreover, incentivizing deforestation through access to markets, credit, and sustainable certification schemes (Article 6, Voluntary Carbon Standard Projects, and Results-based Payments). CO-BENEFITS:- Enhance biodiversity, indigenous groups, and local communities through PA, CPA, CF, CFi, and law enforcement. - Enhancement of climate change mitigation. -Improvement of ecosystem services, cultural preservation and livelihoods improvement, community empowerment and participation. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women in forest communities and protected areas participating in programs of the National REDD+ Strategy Action and Investment Plan. -% of IP women involved in FPIC processes (free, prior and informed consent of indigenous people) and REDD+ consultations and benefit sharing - % of women and indigenous farmers trained and engaged in forest monitoring and reporting (e.g., use of digital tools). - % of women and IPs engaged in sustainable local livelihoods, including forest products and ecotourism (based on FPIC) MOE (lead) WITH MAFF (FA AND FIA) BASELINE INDICATOR: Average of the years 2014-2020: annual deforestation rate - 2.58% (REDD+ forest definition) and -2.19% (national forest definition) TARGETS: Target: 50% reduction of deforestation rate by 2030 and stop by 2045. 60% reduction by 2035 Unconditional NDC: 15% reduction of deforestation rate by 2030 and 40% by 2050 MRV: -Biennial forest cover reports from MoE & MAFF reported through CEMIS -BTRs CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 124.25 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Cambodia Environmental Management Information System (CEMIS), National Forest Monitoring System; Safeguards Information System; REDD+ Project Databased/ registry |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
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Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - FOLU: 39. Expand forest cover through afforestation and reforestation activities(A/R) This measure contributes to increasing the country's forest cover in alignment with the Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I. It includes, among others, through afforestation and reforestation initiatives, engaging stakeholders at all levels, community-led tree plantation in CPA and other areas, distribution of at least one million saplings annually among the public, strengthening forest monitoring, incentivizing afforestation/reforestation through industrial and smallholder plantations through enhanced market access and incentives. CO-BENEFITS: Enhance ecosystem restoration and resilience, natural habitats of biodiversity, and Carbon sequestration. Inclusive stakeholder engagement and enhancing community resilience. Improve sustainable livelihoods, access to carbon finance and market opportunities. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: % of women and indigenous farmers trained in forest monitoring and reporting (e.g., use of digital tools). MOE (lead)/GDLC, GDPNA, CARBON CREDITING SECRETARIAT WITH MAFF/FA/FIA BASELINE INDICATOR: (2020): 50,000 ha of forest plantations TARGETS: 1.6 million ha of forest plantations by 2050. 600,000 ha of forest plantations by 2035. 220,000 ha of deforested, bare land, and open area to be ARR by 2035. Unconditional NDC: 30,000 ha A/R by 2050 MRV: Biennial forest cover reports from MoE BTR CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 82.87 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: CEMIS, National Forest Monitoring System; Safeguards Information System; REDD+ Project Databased/ registry, Forest Inventory and Forest Resources assessment |
Participation and leadership
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Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - FOLU: 42. Introduce and promote agroforestry This measure includes agroforestry actions aimed at promoting sustainable land use practices that integrate trees with crops and/or livestock. These actions contribute to both forest conservation and rural development. It includes, among others, the following actions: - Promotion of agroforestry systems tailored to local ecological conditions and community needs; - Integration of forest-based agroforestry model into CPA management plans - Development and dissemination of technical guidelines and training programs on agroforestry practices; - Introduce multi-purpose tree species (e.g., fruit, timber, fodder) for integration into farming systems; - Rubber and other horticulture-based agroforestry models CO-BENEFITS: Enhanced biodiversity, improved soil and water quality. Empower local communities, improve nutrition, and food security. Diversified income streams, market accesses and finance incentives. Improve farm products and climate resilience. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women farmers trained in agroforestry practices, sustainable land use, from farmer field schools - % of Indigenous Peoples supported to document TEK in agroforestry % IPs engaged in learning exchanges on traditional and contemporary agroforestry practices MAFF (lead) WITH MOE/GDLC/GDNPA CARBON CREDITING SECRETARIAT BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 1852 ha under agroforestry management (project supported) TARGETS: -50,000 ha by 2025, and 160,000 ha of agricultural land by 2050 -18000 agroforestry practices by 2035 - 2000 ha of rubber plantation piloted agroforestry practices by 2035. Unconditional NDC: 5,000ha of agriculture land by 2050 MRV: REDD+ progress reports BTR CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 1.11 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: CEMIS, National Forest Monitoring System; Safeguards Information System; REDD+ Project Databased/ registry Community Forestry Management Plan Enrichment Planting Sylviculture practices Agroforestry |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - FOLU: 40. Increase forest carbon stocks through assisted natural regeneration (ANR) and other forest restoration measures This measure includes Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) and natural forest restoration activities aimed at enhancing ecosystem resilience, restoring degraded forest landscapes, and promoting biodiversity recovery. These efforts focus on supporting the natural regeneration of native tree species, minimizing human disturbance, and creating conditions that accelerate forest ecosystem recovery in both Protected Areas and surrounding landscapes. It includes, among others, development of forest restoration plans, good practice guidelines on forest rehabilitation, strengthen forest ecosystem monitoring, improve law enforcement, interventions focused on the restoration, sustainable management of forest and other resources including blue carbon habitats, and good governance, ecosystem based management of critical and vulnerable ecosystems which have high potential such as blue carbon are vital for millions of fishing households, community fisheries, aquatic biodiversity, and ecosystem health. CO-BENEFITS: Enhance ecosystem restoration and resilience, natural habitats of biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. Inclusive stakeholder engagement and enhancing community resilience. Improve sustainable livelihoods, access to carbon finance and market opportunities. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women farmers trained in forest monitoring and reporting using digital tools - # of women community leaders participating in forest restoration planning and forest rehabilitation for PAs MOE (lead)/GDLC/GDNPA WITH MAFF/FA/FIA BASELINE INDICATOR: (2024): 22,000 ha reforested TARGETS: -1.1 million ha of ANR/forest restoration by 2050 and/or 450,000 ha of ANR/forest restoration by 2035. -A total of 56,900 ha of flooded forest improved management, governance and restored by the year 2035. -A total of 4,080 ha of mangrove forest improved management, governance and restored by the year 2035. Unconditional NDC: 30,000 ha of ANR and native forest restoration by 2050 MRV: Biennial forest cover reports from MoE BTR CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 11.37 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: CEMIS, National Forest Monitoring System; Safeguards Information System; REDD+ Project Databased/ registry, Forest Inventory and Forest Resources assessment |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
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Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - FOLU: 41. Incorporate good and/or improved forest management practices to enhance forest carbon stocks as well as ecosystem integrity This measure includes actions to strengthen the implementation of sustainable forest management across Cambodia's forests, aiming to ensure the long-term health, productivity, and ecological function of forest ecosystems. It focuses on balancing conservation, sustainable use, and restoration objectives while enhancing the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities and contributing to climate resilience. -Development of forest management plans for Protected Areas (PAs), Community Protected Areas (CPAs), Community Forests (CFs), and Community Fisheries (CFis) - Establishment of clear demarcation and registration of forests, PAs, CPAs, CFs, and CFis to secure tenure and management rights - Preparation of guidelines for forest management planning, with an emphasis on reforestation and forest rehabilitation - Development and support of ecotourism and other sustainable uses of natural forests as complementary strategies for conservation and local economic development - Incentivizing improved forest management through access to markets, credit, and sustainable certification schemes (Article 6, Voluntary Carbon Standard Projects and Results-based Payments) of community-based organizations. CO-BENEFITS: Enhance biodiversity, restore degraded ecosystems, and improve ecological integrity. Enhanced carbon sequestration and emissions reduction, and ecosystem services. Strengthen tenure security and empower local communities. Enhance sustainable livelihoods and income generation. Access to carbon finance and green markets. CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women and indigenous farmers trained in forest monitoring and reporting (e.g., use of digital tools) - # of women community leaders participating in improved forest management MOE (lead)/GDLC/GDPNA FOR PA AND CPA DOMAIN WITH MAFF/FA/FIA FOR PRODUCTION FOREST CF, FIC & CFI, CARBON CREDITING SECRETARIAT BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 1) 530 498 ha under the management of CF 2) 87755 ha of CF under CFMP. 3) 26000 ha under IFM for sustainable wood harvesting TARGETS: - All forest land, including PAs, CFs, CPAs, and Cfis will be brought under improved Forest Management Plans by 2050. 60% by 2035. -2 million ha CF by 2029. 30,000 ha developed/under Community Forestry Management Plan - 150,000 ha applied sustainable rubber wood harvesting by 2035. - 520,513 ha Improve Forest management for sustainable wood harvesting by 2035 Unconditional NDC: 15% of forests under forest management by 2030 and 40% by 2050 MRV: REDD+ Progress reports BTR CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 67.03 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Cambodia Environmental Management Information System (CEMIS), National Forest Monitoring System; Safeguards Information System; REDD+ Project Databased/ Registry Fire Management Forest Management Plan |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Waste: 43. Implement solid waste reduction strategies, and pollution control measures - Applying the waste hierarchy model and promoting 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in line with Sub-decree 113; - Implementing the Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan 2021-2034; - Implementing the Cambodia Climate Change, Strategic Plan 2024 -2033 - Implementing the Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP) Action Plan and Strategy for SME and Industry 2021-2034; - Establishing an EPR scheme on specific waste types; - Implementing the Prakas No. 2196/0325 on the liabilities of exclusive manufacturers, importers or suppliers of electrical and electronic equipment concerning e-waste management, (March 2025), and - Implementing the Cambodia National Plastic Action Partnership Roadmap. CO-BENEFITS: -Reduced environmental pollution and groundwater/surface water contamination - Enhanced biodiversity and ecosystem protection - Support for green SMEs and industries, especially in recycling, eco-design, and plastic alternatives - Job creation in recycling, repair, and material innovation sectors - Strengthened regulatory frameworks, such as EPR and SUP bans CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Adopt a gender responsive Social Behavior Change and Communications strategy targeting at least one national awareness campaigns per year. - 50% of women and youth participating in community-based awareness/ education programs and behavior change campaigns on waste reduction strategies (4R) - Target: 3 new inclusive and gender responsive policies and plans for waste management MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) Average waste per capita ratio in 2020 is 0.78kg/capita /day (vs 0.73kg/capita /day in 2015) 2) 546,000 tons of plastic generated in 2022 in Cambodia TARGETS: 1) MSW generation per capita to 0.84 kg/capita/day by 2030 and maintain below ≤0.86 kg/capita/day by 2035 through waste management practices (especially food waste), recycling programs, and public awareness campaigns. 2)Limit the plastic waste generation to 400.000t/y by 2035 by enforcing a ban on Single Use Plastic and strengthening EPR schemes. 3)Conduct research on alternatives to replace plastics using locally available materials. MRV: -Waste reports, audits, and national surveys - Market surveys, regulatory enforcement, and industry data. - Monitor carefully waste pollution in the vulnerable areas such as coastal or tourism areas. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 5.54 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: EPR scheme on plastic in place in Vietnam SUP ban in place in China and phase-out SUP bans in Malaysia and Vietnam. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Mitigation | Waste |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Waste: 44. Waste collection and segregation at source (at households, schools, markets, restaurants/hotels levels) To strengthen waste collection coverage in secondary cities (to reduce open burning) notably by investing in new collection trucks (specific for organic waste); implement MSW segregation at source, with national color code and sorting guidelines; provide incentives schemes; and conduct large awareness raising campaigns and activities. This measure aims to implement a unified Waste Collection System. CO-BENEFITS: -Improve air quality -Prolong the capacity of landfill sites, and create added value opportunities for organic waste and recyclables - Creation of green jobs in waste collection, sorting, recycling, and composting. - Greater public awareness and behavioural change - Enhanced data collection and monitoring capacity CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Adopt a gender responsive Social Behavior Change and Communications strategy in segregation at source awareness raising campaigns. Target: 100% of the campaigns are gender responsive. - 50% of women and youth participating in community-based awareness/ education programs and behavior change campaigns on waste reduction strategies (4R). PS: this measure requires local government to work closely with private operators by integrating segregation at source in waste collection contracts MOE (lead) WITH PDOE AND SNA BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) 0% of MSW is segregated at source at households' level in 2024. 2) In Phnom Penh, an average citywide collection rate of 75% is reported. For secondary cities, this rate falls below 50% for households. 3) 25% of total population is burning waste in 2020 (MOE). TARGETS: 1) 25% of MSW collected is segregated at source (at households, schools, markets, restaurants/hotels levels) in at least 5 cities (excluding Phnom Penh) by 2027 and scaling up to at least 50% nationwide by 2035. 2) 75% of total population have access to regular household waste collection service by 2035. 3) Reduce % of total population that practice open burning of waste from 25% (2020) to 10% (2035). Enforce open burning restrictions through sub-national regulations and penalty mechanisms in at least 10 provinces by 2030, scaling nationwide by 2035. MRV: -Annual Household surveys -Track the number of schools with waste segregation at source System. - Collect gender-disaggregated data and conduct gender analysis in waste management projects. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 5.37 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Organic waste collection trucks available regionally and with limited availability in Cambodia (mostly standard trucks retrofitted) It should be compactor trucks with Separate compartments or dedicated organics-only trucks (equipped with leak-proof containers and odour control systems). |
Gender mainstreaming
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Mitigation | Waste |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Waste: 45. Increase capacities for organic waste processing To limit volumes of organic waste that are landfilled by: - Orientating organic fraction from both MSW and agro-processing industries (especially cassava, rubber, mango) to appropriate processing facilities using either aerobic or anaerobic digestion; - Integrating composting facilities in the design of new landfill projects and existing landfill sites (wherever it is technically possible); - Promoting decentralized solutions, including community-based and home composting, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas, to minimize transportation distances, fuel use, and air pollution CO-BENEFITS: - Create alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and enhanced biodiversity and soil ecosystems - Reduced odour and pest issues near landfills and in neighbourhoods - Job creation in composting operations and income opportunities from selling - Increased crop yields and resilience through improved soil structure and nutrient retention - Enhanced community participation in waste solutions - Enhanced capacity of local governments CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - create job opportunities for women in formal waste economy. Target: At least 30% of the workforce are women. - 50,000 women and people from marginalised groups trained on community and homebased organic waste composting, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas. PS: Incentives can attract investments in organic waste recycling. Target: at least one incentive to encourage private investment in this field MOE (lead) WITH MAFF, PDOE, SNA BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) About 73.000t/y oentering composting and/or biological treatment facilities in 2024. TARGETS: 1) 600.000 t/y of organic waste (or 25% or total organic waste fraction) are processed through dedicated facilities. This includes composting, anaerobic digestion, and other biological treatment techniques. Breakdown: - 550,000 t/y to be processed in dedicated municipal and regional facilities. - 50,000 t/y diverted through community based composting programs in rural areas, focusing on farmers' participation MRV: Weighbridges at treatment facilities, waste composition studies, and annual facility Audits. - annual reports -provided by each facility - Surveys CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 1.84 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Composting: Technology available in Cambodia (both industrial and Community based) Anaerobic digestion: Small to medium scale biodigesters available in Cambodia; Industrial biodigesters available in China. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Waste |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Waste: 46. Introduce alternative SWM processing at existing landfills To prolong the lifetime of existing landfill sites by implementing alternatives for the treatment of mixed MSW and hazardous waste. Technologies that will be prioritized in the national context include, among others, waste-to-energy (WtE), gasification, pyrolysis, and the production of synthetic fuels like refuse derived fuel (RDF). CO-BENEFITS: - Renewable energy generation - Job creation in the construction, operation, and maintenance of RDF and WtE facilities. - Incentivisation of formal waste management systems. - Technology and capacity development in modern waste treatment systems CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - At least 30% of the workforce across all levels in the waste management sector are women. - Anticipate and integrate impacts of new waste infrastructure on the informal waste sector by including informal workers association in consultation meetings about new infrastructure (landfill, MBT, WtE, RDF) PS: to attract private investment in waste and energy infrastructure through PPPs MOE (lead) WITH MME BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) No RDF production from MSW as of 2024 2) No WtE production as of 2024 3) In 2021, the capacity of the Medical Waste Management Unit (MWMU) was 2 tons/day. Meanwhile the total amount of medical waste was estimated at 4 tons/day in 2021, versus 1ton/day in 2016 TARGETS: 1) By 2030, to establish RDF processing facilities to convert at least 200.000 t/y of fresh or old MSW (nonorganic fraction only) into RDF for industrial use. 2) By 2035, to construct and operationalise at least 1 large-scale WtE facility to process 300.000 t/y of mixed MSW to generate electricity, to achieve a 30% reduction in MSW disposed in landfills, and to increase the capacity of MWMU to at least 8 t/day, to face the growing amount of medical waste. MRV: - Operator reports and energy production data. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 1.44 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: RDF and WtE - Available in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia. RDF is used in cement kilns in Cambodia. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Waste |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Waste: 47. Landfill management To strengthen the operations of controlled and sanitary landfills, while supporting the MoE's interim strategy of establishing necessary dumpsite locations where appropriate, with a long-term goal of transitioning from open dumpsites to sanitary waste disposal systems. CO-BENEFITS: - Reduction in environmental pollution caused by illegal dumping - Odour control and reduced risk of fires and landfill collapse - Reduced health risks to communities and waste pickers - Job creation in landfill construction, operation, and site rehabilitation CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Increase women's leadership and participation in decision-making. Target: 30% of women participation in consultation in waste sector planning. - 30% of women and people from marginalised groups in formal landfill related jobs. - Provide training on occupational health and safety risks for women, men and children, and safety protocols - Anticipate and integrate impacts of new waste infrastructure on informal waste sector by including informal workers association in consultation meetings about new infrastructure (landfill, MBT, WtE, RDF) PS: to demonstrate the economic viability of LFG extraction MOE (lead) WITH PDOE SNA BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) 11 controlled landfills in use in 2024 totaling a capacity of 4,486,000 m3. Two others-controlled landfills are in progress in 2025 for an additional capacity of 988,000 m3. 2) 0 dumpsites have been properly closed as of 2024. 3) No landfill gas (LFG) extraction technology has been implemented yet as of 2024. 4) As of 2024, the average organic content of landfill waste is 55%. TARGETS: 1) Increase by 50% the share of waste disposed at controlled and sanitary landfills by 2035. Support the MoE's interim strategy to establish necessary dumpsite locations in underserved areas to address immediate waste management needs. 2) Launch a National Plan for Dumpsite Closure and Transition, to rehabilitate/upgrade at least 2 dumpsites/y. Prioritize sites where controlled and/or sanitary landfills or improved alternatives become available. 3) By 2027, Ensure LFG extraction technology is installed and operational at the new Phnom Penh regional sanitary landfill, which should start operating in 2025. 4) Assess the feasibility of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) technologies for pretreatment of waste prior to disposal. Target reducing the organic content of landfilled waste to < 20% by 2035. MRV: - Every 2-3 years evaluate the effectiveness of landfill operations and waste-to-energy projects and assess waste composition - sanitary landfills annual reports. CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 6.40 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Capping system (HDPE geomembrane, clay layers...) - available via Local contractors. - Leachate collection systems, landfill gas venting and passive flaring system, LFG Extraction: technologies: available regionally MBT: - Anaerobic digestion systems and composting - Available in Cambodia |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Waste |
| Cambodia | Mitigation Measures (Table 7/Annex 1) - Waste: 48. Improve textile waste management capacities 1. Establish centralised textile waste collection and sorting centers in Cambodia to increase the recycling rate of post-industrial textile waste (PITW). It includes having a registration process for textile waste operators (e.g. the companies managing the collection and sorting centers), a standardized textile waste data submission process to MoE, and a potential auction process to manage textile waste transactions. 2. Promoting textile waste segregation and the use of sustainable packaging at factory level, by supporting factories with capacity building and tax incentives, a necessary step for the collection and sorting centers to operate efficiently. CO-BENEFITS: - Improved air quality - Reduced microplastic leakage - Job creation and upskilling in textile waste collection, sorting and recycling - Stimulate innovation and investment in textile recycling technologies. - Improved traceability and transparency in textile waste flows - Enable EPR design for the textile industry CROSS CUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Increase in women in formal employment in the textile waste sector. Target: 20% - 40% of women participating in textile waste segregation training in factories. PS: implement incentives to attract more textile recyclers in Cambodia. Target: at least one incentive to encourage private investment in this field MOE (lead - 1) AND MISTI (lead - 2) BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) In 2024, less than 20% of post-industrial textile waste (PITW) is traceable and recycled 2) As of 2024, 21 factories and 13 waste handlers were trained about sustainable textile waste management in Cambodia. TARGETS: 1) 80% of PITW is traceable, recorded, and sent to recyclers, directly or through registered waste collectors and Aggregators. 2) 40% of garment factories have received at least one external training on textile waste management MRV: - Textile waste operators quarterly reports. - Data from Cambodian Garment Training Institute (CGTI) CUMULATIVE GHG/ER: 0.69 [2026-2035] TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Textile waste recycling technology available in Cambodia |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Waste |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Energy: 1. Enhance Climate-Proof Energy Infrastructure This measure strengthens Cambodia's energy resilience through three key actions: conducting climate risk assessments for all energy infrastructure to guide adaptation investments; hardening infrastructure by retrofitting transmission lines with heat resistant materials, elevating flood-prone substations, and installing cooling systems; and implementing innovative hybrid systems like floating solar-pumped storage to optimize water-energy use during droughts while boosting renewable capacity. Together, these approaches enhance climate-proofing of critical energy assets while supporting Cambodia's NDC commitments. CO-BENEFITS: - Economic Development & Job Creation - Social & Health Improvements: - Environmental Protection: water conservation (20% savings in hydropower reservoirs), lower fossil fuel dependency - Institutional & Technological Advancement - Knowledge transfer via vocational training in resilient infrastructure technologies CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: promote women's participation in climate risk and energy maintenance; offers vocational programs on advanced adaptation technologies. PS: encourage local production of Resilient infrastructure materials; attracts investors by showcasing innovation in climate-resilient energy solutions MME (lead), WITH EAC, EDC BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 (2020) TARGETS: -100% of high-risk assets reinforced by 2035. -50% fewer climate linked outages by 2035 compared to baseline. MRV: 1) Share of transmission lines, substations, and power plants retrofitted 2) Annual decrease in Outage duration and frequency caused by extreme weather 3) Water savings EDC report RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It strengthens energy system reliability during climate-induced disruptions, ensuring energy access for households, hospitals, and essential services, and it integrates automated early warning systems, protects urban and rural energy networks from climate shocks, and sets best practices for climate-proofing transport, water, and digital infrastructure. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Climate resilient transmission lines, modular substations, automated grid monitoring, and early warning systems are locally scalable and regionally available |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Energy: 3. Enhance Preparedness & Capacity Building in the Energy sector This measure strengthens Cambodia's energy resilience through three approaches: (1) Operational Resilience by deploying early warning systems, standardizing emergency protocols, and maintaining repair stockpiles; (2) Workforce Development via climate adaptive design certifications, field training on flood/heat-proofing, and annual disaster drills; and (3) Strategic Planning through climate stress-tests for new projects, drought contingency plans for hydropower, and dynamic risk mapping for infrastructure upgrades. Together, these actions enhance preparedness against climate disruptions while aligning with Cambodia's NDC goals. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Builds long-term adaptive capacity, ensuring that energy sector institutions can anticipate, respond to, and recover from climate impacts and emergencies. CO-BENEFITS: - Economic & Workforce Development - Standardized emergency protocols improve collaboration between MME, disaster agencies, and local governments-- Environmental CoBenefits (drought contingency plans protect aquatic ecosystems, minimize backup generator use, extend asset lifespans reducing waste) CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Targets 30% female participation in technical training - Equips local leaders with knowledge to coordinate during energy emergencies and protects vulnerable communities through timely alerts about energy disruptions PS: Growth of REN sector through floating solar pumped storage projects, attracting green investments MME (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 (2020) TARGETS: 1. Achieve ≤30-minute response time for 90% of warnings by 2035 2. 75% of critical personnel trained and certified by 2027 3. 100% of new projects meet climate resilience standards by 2028 MRV: 1. Early Warning System Effectiveness 2.Workforce Climate Competency 3. Climate-Integrated Planning Compliance TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Digital platforms for training, ESWs in synergy with the tools used in disaster Risk management sector, and knowledge management systems |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Energy |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Industry/IPPU: 4. Implement Heat Stress Adaptation Measures for Industrial Workers Implement comprehensive heat stress adaptation in industries using integrated prevention and alleviation strategies. Prevention: - Improve working conditions with better ventilation, lower humidity & breathable uniforms. - Implement engineering solutions like passive cooling, insulation, cool roofs, optimized ventilation, and solar-powered cooling. - Promote individual practices such as increased water intake and appropriate attire. Alleviation (Organizational & Support): -Conduct awareness campaigns and training on heat stress; -Ensure access to cool drinking water and designated rest areas (shade or air conditioned). ; -Adjust work-rest cycles based on heat. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Improves health, safety, and livelihood stability by reducing heat-related illnesses and maintaining work capacity - Sustains productivity and operational continuity, boosting competitiveness Community/National - Supports economic stability by protecting key industrial sectors and aids a ""Just Transition"" by integrating adaptation into labor policies. CO-BENEFITS: -Better public health and significant gains in worker productivity and output. -Improved occupational safety, job satisfaction, and worker morale. -Potential for energy efficiency, cost savings from optimized cooling, and reduced environmental impact from greener technologies. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI & PS: -Worker data disaggregated by sex, age and affiliation with marginalized groups. - Benefits for female workers, who dominate the garment sector, by improving their working conditions and health. - Reduced economic losses from climate-related power outages, supporting business continuity. MISTI (lead) WITH MLVT BASELINE INDICATOR: 60% of GFT workers experience seasonal heat stress TARGETS: -Develop heat stress regulation based on international standards adapted to local context for thermal comfort -Establish OSH management systems in all large factories -Launch at least 4 demonstration factory pilots meeting local heat stress standards on thermal comfort MRV: - Factories assessment reports - leverage on the National Energy Efficiency Policy (NEEP) reporting mechanism, especially for Designated Energy Consumers (DECs) (large factories). TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: AVAILABLE |
Economic security
Health
|
Adaptation | Industry |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 5. Develop climate resilient crop varieties well suited to market demand Strengthen research, development, and commercialization efforts to support the creation and deployment of climate-resilient crop varieties in Cambodia. This includes accelerating research and breeding cycles, enhancing collaboration between research institutions and the private sector, and improving the scaling-up of new varieties through well-functioning seed value chains. Key activities involve strengthening the capacity of seed multipliers, increasing farmer awareness and adoption, and ensuring that high quality, resilient seeds are accessible and available at scale to support sustainable agricultural transformation. The main objectives indicated in following: 1. Support for certified seed production and community-based seed banks. 2. Mechanisms for seed distribution, quality assurance, and public-private partnerships in seed delivery. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: -Withstand extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, and salinity intrusion. -Maintain stable yields, reducing risk for smallholder farmers. - Resist pests and diseases that are becoming more prevalent due to shifting climate patterns. -Reduce dependency on single crops and improve food and income security. CO-BENEFITS: - improve dietary diversity and reduce hunger. - Strengthens national research institutions (e.g., CARDI), extension systems, and farmer organizations through skill development, technology transfer, and knowledge co-creation. - Crop diversification through resilient varieties contributes to food system sustainability. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - ensure the needs and preferences of women and marginalized groups are addressed through inclusive crop breeding programs (e.g., participatory variety selection) - improved access to climate-resilient seeds and knowledge to empower vulnerable populations, especially women across the value chain. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) 38 crop varieties conserved (2020) 2) Research and development on agriculture productivity conserved/rejuvenated a total of 350 varieties of eggplant, chili, pumpkin, melon and sweet potatoes (2023) TARGETS: (2035): 1) 2,000 varieties conservation and rejuvenation per year; 2) At least 2 of high yield resilient/resilient varieties developed 3) At least 20% area of crop growing being adopted to resilient, high-yield crop varieties MRV: - MAFF annual reporting aligned with NDC tracking -database of rice breeding lines and released Varieties. -Map areas (hectares) planted with resilient high yield varieties. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: 1) Widely available at research institutions (e.g., CARDI, IRRI collaborations ). Marker assisted selection accelerates breeding for drought, salinity, and pest resistance. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 6. Increase climate smart practices and technologies on crop production This package includes actions to address current impacts of climate variability and extremes, as well as to ensure resilience to future change, including demonstration, financing and incentives. This will include evaluation and scaling up of current pilots. Includes climate smart extension services, with farmer support and extension services (Modern Agriculture Cooperative), enhance capacity for Integrated Pest Management and also backward linkages in supply chains. Includes Integrated pest and disease management/monitoring and surveillance. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Use of drought- and flood-tolerant crop varieties, crop diversification, and agroforestry practices -Adoption of reduced tillage, organic mulching, composting, and micro-irrigation systems -Timely weather and pest advisories reduce yield loss and increase preparedness -Improved yields, stable income, and reduced input dependency for smallholder farmers CO-BENEFITS: -Reduced GHG emissions from synthetic fertilizers, improved carbon sequestration through soil and biomass -Intercropping and crop livestock integration offers multiple income streams -Promotes safe food production with reduced chemical inputs - Enhances biodiversity, soil fertility, and pollination services -Improved access to information through mobile advisory systems -Opportunities in agritech services, CSA entrepreneurship, and digital agriculture CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: CSA practices tailored to women-led farms and vulnerable communities increase equitable access to resources MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Technologies Developed: 4 types of climate resilient technologies have been developed in response to climate change (MoE Stocktake, 2024). TARGETS: (2035): 1) 4 Climate-Resilient Technologies adopted 2) CSA Adoption: 20% of total agricultural land under identified Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) management practices MRV: -MAFF annual reporting aligned with NDC tracking -Publications and reports -Baseline study on adoption rate of availability CSA technology management practices TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: 1) Water Saving: Drip, sprinkler, solar pumping and irrigation 2) Mobile Agro-climatic apps, satellite-based crop monitoring, SMS-based advisories |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 10. Improve Good Aquaculture Practices (GAqP) Encourage aquaculture producers to comply with technical requirement and regulation in order to ensure environmental health, Sustainability, Safety product for consumers and possibility for export market. Building capacity of adaption and mitigation to Aquaculture-related actors , including women and youth group at the ground where they inhabitant is a very important intervention to effective protection and conservation of fisheries resources, biodiversity and habitat. The capacity building focus on climate-resilient techniques, such as improved fish farming methods to cope with changing water availability and quality. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It builds resilience by promoting sustainable resource use, climate-adaptive techniques, robust biosecurity, community cooperation, and knowledge transfer. Embedded in the SPF 2025-2033, these practices ensure aquaculture systems withstand climate and environmental stressors. GAqP incorporates climate-smart practices (e.g., water-efficient systems, low-carbon feeds like insect-based feeds) to reduce emissions and adapt to climate stressors like temperature spikes and erratic rainfall (SPF Sub-program 1: Aquaculture Enterprise Value Chains). It enhances aquaculture resilience, ensuring stable production and minimizing environmental impact. CO-BENEFITS: Low-emission, water-efficient farming Integration into national policies to ensure structured, long-term adoption of climate smart and sustainable aquaculture. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: N/A MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 1) 5,000 aquaculture farmers 2) 600 Farmers have been building the capacity on GAqP. 3) 4,400 Aquaculture farmers are needed to build their GAqP TARGETS: (2035): 1) Select 100 GAP equipped farmers of 600 to upgrade further knowledge in GAqP and certify them as Training of Trainer 2) Select 1,000 farmers of total 4,400 SME aquaculture related actors to equip with GAqP 3) Select further 200 GAqP-equipped farmers of 1,000 upgrade further knowledge in GAqP and certify them as Training of Trainer 4) 300 ToT GAqP 5) 1,000 GAqP equipped Farmers MRV: Fisheries Administration Report MAFF Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Sensors and IoT devices monitor parameters like pH, oxygen levels, and Temperature in real-time |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Agriculture: 13. Improve Climate-Smart Fodder Management and production Enhance fodder management practices to improve livestock nutrition, increase farm productivity, and build climate resilience. This includes promoting drought-tolerant forage species, optimizing harvesting and storage techniques, and integrating agroforestry and rotational grazing systems. Improved fodder management reduces pressure on natural grazing lands, enhances carbon sequestration, and contributes to lower methane emissions supporting the transition to climate-smart livestock systems. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It improves livestock nutrition, increase farm productivity, and build climate resilience. This includes promoting drought-tolerant forage species, optimizing harvesting and storage techniques, and integrating agroforestry and rotational grazing systems. It reduces pressure on natural grazing lands, enhances carbon sequestration, and contributes to lower CH4 emissions supporting the transition to climate smart livestock systems. CO-BENEFITS: 1) Cultivating improved forages is a low-cost means to improve cattle nutrition. Other feeds, supplements and additives also increase productivity and may be profitable; 2) Improved feeding increases cattle productivity and feed efficiency; 3) Improved feeding increases profitability of cattle raising; 4) Forage cultivation reduces women's labour burden of sourcing feed. 5) Supports adaptation through improved feed availability throughout the year CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Support women's role in cattle raising by involving them in training and farm decision-making. PS: Engage farms & SMEs in quality seed/vegetative matter production, and agro-dealers in supplement and additive supply MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2020): 2,318.13 hectares TARGETS: (2035): 22,000 hectares climate- Smart Fodder Management and production MRV: GDAHP Annual Reports TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: -Skills and knowledge for forage production and feeding exist in Cambodia; seed /vegetative matter can be sourced; -Other feeds and supplements available on the market; further investigation required to understand methane inhibitory properties of potential new feed additives |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - FOLU: 17. Improved forest management practices, such as integrated landscape management and sustainable forestry practices Improved forest management practices, including integrated landscape management and sustainable forestry practices, are crucial for long-term forest health and resilience, particularly in the face of climate change. These practices involve adapting management strategies to changing conditions, ensuring the ecological, social, and economic benefits of forests are maintained. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Improved forest management boosts ecosystem and community resilience while securing long-term ecological and economic benefits. CO-BENEFITS: Enhanced biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem resilience. Strengthened community rights, knowledge, and participation CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women, including ethnic women, consulted on the development of forest management plans for Protected Areas (PAs), Community Protected Areas (CPAs), Community Forests (CFs) - # of women and indigenous people in forest management committees and local governance bodies MOE (lead) WITH MAF BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 1) 530 498 ha under the management of CF 2) 87755 ha of CF under CFMP. 3) 26000 ha under IFM for sustainable wood harvesting TARGETS: All forest land, including PAs, CFs, CPAs, and CFis, will be brought under improved Forest Management Plans by 2050. 60% by 2035. MRV: -Number of PA, FiC, CPA, CF, and CFi with improved forest management plan. -BTR reports, other annual reports, and project reports TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: 1) Forest Zoning and Landscape Planning 2) Enrichment Planting method |
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - FOLU: 18. Forest Ecosystem adaptation and resilience through protection of the existing forest and biodiversity ecosystem: Conservation Forest ecosystem and forest biodiversity in the production forest area. High Conservation Value (HCV) areas located within production forest zones under the jurisdiction of MAFF/FA represent significant potential for forest and biodiversity conservation, contributing to climate adaptation efforts. These HCV areas include watershed management zones, tree seed conservation areas, biodiversity protection habitats, and forest recreation sites, all managed under the authority of MAFF/FA. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It contributes to regulating climate and water cycles, conserve biodiversity, preserve genetic resources, and provide vital ecosystem services and livelihoods that support both nature and communities. CO-BENEFITS: Improved water security, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, disaster risk reduction, and support local livelihoods through sustainable forest use and ecotourism, while preserving cultural and recreational values for communities. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: integrated land use planning, clear demarcation and legal recognition of HCV areas, inclusive governance involving local communities and IPs, capacity building for forest rangers and subnational authorities, gender-responsive and socially inclusive conservation strategies, and robust monitoring systems MAFF (lead) WITH MOE BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 5000 ha is under current conservation status of CF, Forest Restoration area TARGETS: 30,000 ha of production forest is under the management for forest ecosystem and biodiversity conservation MRV: - Annual production forest land under improved forest management in ha - Annual reports, and project reports (e.g. FA annual report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: 1) Forest Zoning and Landscape Planning 2) Enrichment planting method |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - FOLU: 19. Forest Ecosystem adaptation and resilience through restoring of the degraded forest and biodiversity ecosystem: Restore forest ecosystem and biodiversity conservation in watershed management area, forest recreation, MAFF/FA managed forest, ecosystem conservation, and climate change adaptation. Degraded forest ecosystems under the jurisdiction of MAFF/FA hold significant potential for ecological restoration, offering opportunities to transform these areas into landscapes that contribute meaningfully to climate change adaptation and environmental resilience. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It will boost resilience by reviving ecological functions, enhancing climate adaptation, reducing disaster risks, and supporting biodiversity, carbon storage, and sustainable livelihoods. CO-BENEFITS: Enhanced water regulation, soil stability, and carbon sequestration, supporting biodiversity recovery and reducing climate-related risks and contributing to sustainable livelihoods, ecotourism, and cultural values, strengthening both environmental health and community resilience. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: including integrated watershed and landscape planning, community-based restoration approaches, capacity building for local stakeholders and forest authorities, secure land and resource tenure, gender responsive and socially inclusive participation, sustainable financing mechanisms, and robust monitoring systems MAFF (lead) WITH MOE BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 5000 ha is under current conservation status of CF, Forest Restoration area. TARGETS: 30,000 ha of degraded production forest is under restoration for forest ecosystem and biodiversity Conservation MRV: Annual degraded forest land under restoration for ecosystem and biodiversity conservation in hectares. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: 1) Integrated Watershed Management 2)Participatory Land Use Planning 3) ANR 4) Riparian Forest restoration 5) Erosion control in slope land |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 20. Enable effective decision-making for health interventions by developing a health national adaptation plan, improving surveillance and early- warning systems focused on climate-related health vulnerabilities among children and other highly impacted groups 1.Update NSP for Disaster Risk Management for Health and National Climate Change Action Plan for Public Health to reduce the risks and impacts of severe weather or emergency events (e.g., floods, drought, heatwave) at facility and community levels. ; 2.Enhance Dengue Sentinel Surveillance through lab maintenance, sample shipment processes, and staff support.; 3.Digitalize and integrate dengue and other vector-borne diseases, and climate data into existing Dengue and Malaria Information Systems for early warning and decision making for outbreaks/re-emergences of vector-borne diseases.; 4.Strengthen early warning and risk assessment by integrating multi-sectoral and multi source surveillance data through a dedicated platform at national and sub-national levels. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: -Enhances national adaptive capacity by supporting early risk detection and intersectoral response planning for climate-sensitive health threats and events; decrease case fatality rate and increase resilience - Foster multi-sectoral engagement, alignment and improving the health system's ability to respond, remain functional, and build resilience during extreme weather, minimizing service disruptions and health risks CO-BENEFITS: -Enhanced surveillance reduces illness-related absences and boosts school participation. - Strengthened EWS enable proactive infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. - Minimize contamination and improve waste management. - Reduce losses and support economic resilience. Strengthen governance and cross-sector coordination CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: target women and youth in the development of strategies/action plans where relevant PS: technology, participation in development of action plans and systems MOH (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 1)Disaster Risk Management for Health (2020-2024), NCCAPPH 2014-18; 2) Second NCCAPH (2020-2024) TARGETS: 1)Completion status of the National Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Management for Health (2026-2030 and 2031-2035) and National Climate Change Action Plan for Public Health (2026-2030 and 2031- 2035) 2) Maintain regular surveillance of 15 samples per sentinel site with 15 sentinel sites 3) One digitized and integrated module per targeted vector-borne disease 4) 70% of PHD Staff trained in early warning protocols nationwide MRV: 1) Annual Report of the MOH 2) Annual Report of the MOH; Number of dengue sentinel surveillance sites according to annual reporting of the MOH 3) Reports of the digitized system 4) Reports of the integrated hub or MOH Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: QGIS DIS MoWRM R, remote sensing data |
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 21. Enhance multi-sectoral coordination mechanisms to adapt and implement Climate Resilient and Environmentally Sustainable Health Care Facilities, including WASH, considering the needs of vulnerable groups (e.g., children, pregnant women, elderly, migrants, and persons with disabilities). 1. Update Technical Guidelines for HC Waste Management and National Guidelines for WASH in Health Care facilities. 2. Develop and implement a training package on environmental and health risks considering climate-resilience and environmental sustainability for promoting action. 3. M&E of Gender Mainstreaming Working Group at Sub National level on climate change adaptation in the health sector. 4. Conduct a WASH-FIT assessment for Healthcare Facilities and begin appropriate upgrades to healthcare facilities and/or WASH facilities within healthcare settings, for climate resilience. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Health care facilities and staff equipped to maintain Healthcare Waste Management guidelines, WASH-IPC guidelines, and provision of care during extreme weather event(s) - Ensure that health-related infrastructure is designed appropriately to provide necessary health services despite extreme weather, minimizing service disruptions and health risks CO-BENEFITS:- It improves health outcomes and community resilience by reducing climate-related illnesses and enhancing emergency response. Better health supports school attendance and learning. - Improving hygiene, maternal, newborn, and surgical care. Sustainable resource use, while improved waste practices protect the environment. - Economic opportunities expand through private sector engagement in sustainable health services. - Stronger governance builds institutional capacity and accountability at all levels CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: N/A MOH (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 1) Technical Guidelines for HC Waste Management (2011) and National Guidelines for WASH in Health Care facilities (2018) 2) # of healthcare workers trained 3) Number of provinces (0) 4) 25 of Healthcare Facilities included in WASH-FIT Assessment (in RTK). Number of climate-resilient Health and WASH facilities upgraded or constructed (30) TARGETS: 1) Updated Technical Guidelines for HC Waste Management and Technical Guidelines for WASH in Health Care Facilities every 5 years 2) 21,000 Healthcare workers trained 3) 10 Provinces engaged in gender mainstreaming of climate adaptation in health sector 4 250 HF across at least 10 Provinces completing WASHFIT Assessment 100 HFs with upgrades for climate-resilient Health and WASH MRV: 1/2/4: Annual Report of MOH 2) Training on Environmental Health 3) M&E reporting TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: HIS MODULE |
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 22. Conduct climate risk assessments, develop a climate-resilient and inclusive WASH response framework, and monitoring and evaluation to strengthen climate risk informed programming across 25 provinces - Assessment of the climate risks affecting WASH services at the provincial level, and identification and prioritization of climate resilient WASH solutions using the UNICEF GWP strategic framework for WASH climate resilience; - Development of the provincial climate resilient and inclusive WASH framework, costed provincial action plan. ; - Monitor the implementation of the response framework through the MIS system. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Resilient WASH infrastructure that remain functional during extreme weather, minimizing service disruptions and health risks. - Resilient community: better anticipate and prepare for WASH related impacts like water scarcity, flooding, and infrastructure damage - Empowerment of local actors strengthening local governance and service provider capacity, reinforcing self-reliance and localized adaptation. CO-BENEFITS:- Improved health by reducing waterborne diseases, enhance school attendance particularly for girls and strengthen infection prevention in healthcare. - Efficient water use, reduce environmental contamination, improve waste management and protect water sources. - By saving time on water collection, they enable greater economic participation, especially for women. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: Gender: 1. Number of provincial climate resilient and inclusive WASH framework, and costed provincial actions plans. Baseline: 12 provinces (2024); MRD (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: BASELINE: 0 TARGETS: 25 provinces climate resilient and inclusive WASH framework and action plan developed based on the assessed risks) MRV: Provincial report and MIS report Target: 25 provinces (2035) 2. Proportion of women participating in the development of the provincial climate resilient and inclusive WASH framework, costed provincial action plans. Baseline: 30% (Year); Target: 60% (2035). TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - The Global Water Partnership and UNICEF's Strategic Framework for WASH Climate-Resilient Development - Existing climate and WASH data. - Existing capacity of MRD's climate resilient WASH task force |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 23. Operationalize the implementation of the climate resilient and inclusive WASH response framework for climate-resilient, low-carbon, and inclusive WASH This measure promotes climate and WASH awareness among rural populations, especially vulnerable groups like women, children, and youth. It builds community capacity to understand climate-WASH-health links and encourages preventive behaviors to reduce related health risks: - Develop a community outreach strategy on climate impacts, WASH, and health - Create child- and youth-friendly materials to build early awareness and empower action - Conduct school and community campaigns on climate-WASH-health impacts and prevention measures RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Resilient WASH infrastructure that remain functional during extreme weather, minimizing service disruptions and health risks. - Resilient community: rural communities to have access to WASH services more resilient to climate shocks CO-BENEFITS: - GHG reduction through solar powered pump and improved FSM and treatment processes. - Improved health by reducing waterborne diseases and enhancing hygiene in healthcare settings. Better school attendance, particularly for girls, through inclusive sanitation. - Efficient water use, reduce environmental contamination - Creation of economic opportunities by freeing up time especially for women to engage in income-generating activities CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Youth engagement in the risk assessment and solution appraisal process PS: with piped water operator and sanitation service provider to increase coverage and promote innovative WASH technology in climate resilient, low-carbon and inclusive WASH service provision at the provincial level MRD (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: BASELINE: 0 TARGETS: 25 provinces implementing the climate resilient and inclusive WASH response framework MRV: MRD WASH information management system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: The monitoring and evaluation system needs Information technology but can be locally sourced. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 24. Streamline climate risk assessments and the implementation of climate resilient measures for piped water supply infrastructures and services, particularly in climate risk prone areas and promoting inclusive and pro-poor approaches for vulnerable communities, women and children. This measure aims to integrate climate risk considerations into the planning, design, and management of piped water supply systems, especially in areas highly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as floods, droughts, and rising temperatures. The focus will be on: - Conducting climate risk assessments for piped water systems to identify vulnerabilities and inform adaptation options. - Implementing climate-resilient measures such as flood-proofing, drought-resilient water sources, energy-efficient pumping systems. - Ensuring pro-poor and inclusive service delivery by prioritizing access for vulnerable groups, particularly women, children, and low-income communities. - Capacity strengthening of service providers and sub-national authorities to integrate climate resilience into water supply planning and operations. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Piped water systems are designed or upgraded to withstand extreme weather and reduced service interruptions during floods, droughts, and power outages. - Increases access to safe and reliable water during climate shocks, reducing health risks and time burdens, especially for women and children and enhances preparedness of vulnerable communities through improved service reliability. CO-BENEFITS: - Reduction of GHG emissions through solar powered pumping and improved operational Efficiency. - Reduction of waterborne diseases and improves health. Reduction of water collection burden especially for girls boosts school attendance. - Economic opportunities by freeing up time for income-generating activities, particularly in rural and peri-urban areas. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Prioritize poor and vulnerable communities in infrastructure improvements and access. PS: Encourage participation of local water operators in providing access to clean and safe piped water supply, especially to the most vulnerable communities. MISTI (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025) 1) 29 piped water supply systems assessed for climate risk (using climate resilient water safety plan guideline as the tool) 2) 161 existing and new piped water supply systems retrofitted or built with climate resilient features 3) 5,941,685 people with access to climate resilient piped water services: persons TARGETS: 1.450 systems 2.450 systems 3.9,464,969 people MRV: MISTI water supply monitoring system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Existing MISTI's climate resilient water safety plan guideline for piped water supply climate risk assessment Local capacity of resilient infrastructure design, construction and management |
Unpaid care work
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 25. Promote and de-risk investments and climate financing for climate-resilient and low carbon water supply infrastructures and systems This measure aims to mobilize and scale up climate financing and investment both public and private for piped water supply infrastructure that is climate-resilient, low carbon, and inclusive. It will: - Develop enabling policies, financing instruments, and incentives to attract private sector participation in climate-resilient water supply. - Promote blended finance models that combine public, private, and international climate funds to reduce financial risks. - Facilitate technical assistance and capacity building for service providers to develop bankable, climate-aligned water projects. - Ensure investments benefit vulnerable communities, promoting equitable access and gender-responsive design. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Attracts investment in infrastructure built to withstand climate risks - Improves long-term access to reliable water services during climate shocks by financing resilient systems in vulnerable areas, reducing health risks and time burdens, especially for women and children and enhances preparedness of vulnerable communities through improved service reliability. CO-BENEFITS: • Reduction of GHGs and improved operational efficiency • Improves long-term access to reliable water services during climate shocks, reduces health risks and time burdens, especially for women and children and enhances preparedness of communities. - Minimizes resource use, environmental degradation - Improves planning, budgeting, and accountability for resilient infrastructure at sub-national levels. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Ensures investments prioritize inclusive service access and women's participation in decision-making. - Targets underserved and climate-vulnerable populations through pro-poor investment strategies. PS: Actively promotes partnerships with private actors, utilities, and climate financiers. MISTI (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: - 450 piped water supply projects financed using climate-aligned or derisked investment mechanism- 50% funded projects that include pro-poor, gender-sensitive components MRV: MISTI water supply monitoring system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Local capacity of resilient infrastructure Design, construction and management |
Unpaid care work
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 26. Update the national piped water data monitoring system with inclusion of climate resilient aspects to assess vulnerabilities, track progress, and ensure targeted interventions for the communities (with particular attention for women and children) living in climate disaster prone areas. This measure will enhance the national piped water data monitoring system by integrating climate resilience indicators to enable more effective and equitable decision making. It focuses on: - Capturing climate vulnerability data related to piped water infrastructure and service disruptions in disaster-prone areas. - Monitoring access and resilience gaps, especially among vulnerable groups such as women, children, and poor households. - Enabling data-driven planning and adaptation investments based on real-time information and climate risk analysis. - Ensuring accountability and transparency in climate-resilient WASH service delivery. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Enables proactive maintenance and climate-resilient upgrades based on performance and risk data and enhances adaptive capacity of service providers through evidence based planning. - Provides early warning for service risks and targeted support for vulnerable populations and improves equity by ensuring that those most affected by climate hazards receive prioritized attention. CO-BENEFITS: - DRR: Enables integration of WASH systems into broader early warning and disaster response planning. - Health: Improves targeting water services to prevent disease outbreaks after climate disasters. - Advances digital data systems and decision support tools for public service management. - Facilitates more efficient and sustainable use of water resources through informed planning. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Incorporates sex disaggregated data to ensure women's needs are visible and addressed in planning. - Focuses on vulnerable and underserved communities in climate-disaster prone areas. - Explore opportunities for youth involvement in data collection, digital system development, and community outreach. PS: Enables data sharing and collaboration with service providers for improved delivery. MISTI (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Number of water supply monitoring system updated and operational with climate resilience indicators: Water supply monitoring system without climate resilience (2025) TARGETS: 1 water supply monitoring system updated and operational with climate resilience indicators. MRV: MISTI water supply monitoring system (WSMS) TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Local capacity and technology available for data monitoring system |
Unpaid care work
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 27. Expand sewage and Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) systems coverage area in urban areas to reduce GHG and prevent contaminations during extreme weather events promoting pro-poor services for vulnerable groups, including women and children This measure aims to expand climate-resilient sewage and faecal sludge management (FSM) systems by at least 30% by 2035 in Cambodia's urban areas. It will: - Reduce GHG emissions from unmanaged human waste; - Prevent wastewater overflows and contamination during floods and extreme weather - Provide pro-poor, gender-sensitive sanitation services for vulnerable groups, especially women, children, and low-income households - Improve urban public health, environmental quality, and resilience through safely managed, inclusive sanitation systems. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: GHG mitigation potential: 2.68 Mt CO2e over a 10-year period. - Builds adaptive capacity of urban sanitation systems to enhance risk management of climate change impacts. - Reduces health risks (e.g., diarrhea, cholera) during climate-induced floods by improving containment and treatment, and enhances sanitation access for marginalized populations in flood-prone and informal urban settlements. CO-BENEFITS: Improved health Supports school attendance and learning. It protects water sources, soil, and ecosystems from contamination Contributes to climate resilient urban planning especially in informal settlements Creates jobs within the green economy. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Prioritizes safe and dignified sanitation services for women and girls, especially during floods. - Expands access for poor and underserved urban Populations. - Involves youth in awareness raising. PS: Encourages public-private partnerships in infrastructure, services, and Technology innovation. MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Percentage increase in sewage and FSM service coverage in urban areas (Among the urban areas of the 25 Provincial Cities, 9 have wastewater treatment plants, and 2 have FS treatment plants) TARGETS: 30% MRV: MPWT sewage and FSM data monitoring system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Local capacity available for resilient infrastructure design, construction and management (e.g. WSP, PTF, Conventional activated sludge, MABR…) |
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Human health and WASH: 28. Establish a national sewage and FSM data monitoring system with inclusion of climate resilient indicators This measure focuses on the creation and operationalization of a national data monitoring system for urban sewage and FSM services, embedded with climate resilience indicators to: - Assess service coverage, infrastructure condition, and vulnerabilities to climate risks. - Track progress on the implementation of climate-resilient urban sanitation measures. - Enable data-driven planning and targeted interventions in disaster-prone and underserved areas, with special attention to women, children, and low-income communities. - Strengthen coordination, transparency, and governance in urban sanitation sector management. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It enables the identification and upgrade of high emission or unsafe sanitation systems (e.g., open dumping of sludge) to reduce GHG emission. Supports GHG tracking and reporting in the sanitation sector CO-BENEFITS: Enhanced sanitation monitoring improves disease control, guides climate-resilient urban planning, and protects water resources from contamination. It supports evidence-based governance, strengthens sanitation in schools through targeted investments, and enhances disaster risk management by enabling early warning and rapid response to sanitation-related hazards. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Ensures that data disaggregation and analysis address the specific needs of women and girls in urban sanitation planning. - Identifies and targets underserved urban areas and marginalized populations. - Engages youth in data collection, digital mapping of sanitation infrastructure. MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: 1 national sewage and system established MRV: MPWT sewage and FSM data monitoring system General Department of Sewage and Wastewater Management/ MPWT reports PS: Supports market development for sanitation services and technologies. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Local capacity available for setting up monitoring system |
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 29. Design and build guidance for climate-resilient houses and buildings for low-income households This intervention aims to design and construct affordable housing and buildings specifically designed to withstand the adverse effects of climate change, such as floods, storms and extreme heat. The goal is to provide safe, durable, and energy-efficient homes for low-income households, reducing their vulnerability while promoting long term resilience and improved living standards. The final output of this measure will be standardised and applied country-wide based on the disaster contexts in the areas. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Strengthen climate resilient houses and buildings for low income households. CO-BENEFITS: Improve adaptive capacity of low-income and vulnerable households by building climate-resilient houses. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Number of people from vulnerable groups accessing climate resilient housing, disaggregated (e.g., disability) Number of women and men architects, engineers, and human settlements experts participating in the design of climate resilient houses. MLMUPC (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: - Prototypes of Climate resilient house design or criteria developed by INGOs/DPs. No countrywide climate resilience house design standard yet. - MLMUPC's affordable Housing policy. TARGETS: - By 2028, development of guidelines for country-wide climate resilience housing and building design for low-income HHs and 60 climate-resilient houses built in coastal areas, disaggregated by sex. - By 2029, 500 engineers and local skilled builders trained on the guidelines disaggregated by sex. - By 2030, 500,000 low-income HHs will receive climate resilience housing design standards training disaggregated by sex of HoH. - By 2035, 500,000 low-income HHs will apply climate resilient house design, 4,000 climate resilience houses built, 100 in the coastal area disaggregated by sex of HoH, and climate resilience building design will be integrated into the building permit. MRV: ANNUAL REPORT Baseline: TBD (2025); Target: TBD of which 33% are women (2035) TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Design of climate-resilient houses in coastal areas already developed and available |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 33. Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience This intervention aims to enhance the durability and accessibility of rural road infrastructure by integrating climate-resilient design and construction practices. The initiative reduces vulnerability to climate-related hazards such as flooding and erosion by rehabilitating and improving key rural road networks RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: These roads will be usable during disasters like floods, ensuring continued connectivity for rural communities during extreme weather events. CO-BENEFITS: Improved connectivity supports economic development, ensures continuity of essential services, and strengthens the adaptive capacity of rural communities in the face of climate change. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Proportion of women employed in rural roads construction projects. Baseline 15% (2025); Target 30% (2035) MRD (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Length of roads in Double Bituminous Surface Retreatment pavement (DBST) 6,723 km, 1,804 km in concrete TARGETS: (2035): 12,000 KM (paved road) MRV: MRD's Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Available for resilient road construction, but advanced tech needed for Construction in challenging environments |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 34. Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure, ensuring climate-resilient designs, and establish effective operation and maintenance systems that consider the impacts of climate change This initiative focuses on restoring and upgrading existing road infrastructure by incorporating climate-resilient design standards that address the risks posed by climate change, including flooding and erosion. It also involves establishing robust operation and maintenance systems to ensure long-term functionality and resilience. By enhancing structural integrity and promoting adaptive maintenance practices, the program ensures safer, more reliable transportation networks that support economic activity and disaster risk reduction in a changing climate. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Strengthen the existing national and provincial road infrastructure to make it resilient to climate-related disasters. CO-BENEFITS: Avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustainable road operations for road users, particularly the most vulnerable group. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Proportion of women's participation in repairing and rehabilitating road construction. MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 591.6 km of roads repaired to meet climate-proofing standards. TARGETS: 5,000 km of repair roads using climate-proofing standards by 2035. MRV: MPWT's Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Road design specification and Resilient and Inclusive Design Principles developed by MPWT |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 35. New national road construction with climate-resilient designs to withstand the impacts of climate change This initiative focuses on designing and constructing the new national road infrastructure using climate-resilient approaches that anticipate and withstand the impacts of climate change. This includes incorporating durable materials, advanced drainage systems, elevated roadbeds, and green belts to enhance long-term sustainability and reduce maintenance costs. The aim is to ensure road networks remain safe, functional, and cost-effective despite changing environmental conditions. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Proportion of women's participation as new national road construction Workers. - Proportion of women, men, and people from other marginalised groups participating in road development consultations. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Strengthen national road infrastructure to withstand climate related disasters. CO-BENEFITS: Avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustainable road operations for road users, particularly the most vulnerable group. MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 7,374.864 km of existing national roads as of 2024. TARGETS: (2025): - 300 km of new national road construction using climate-proofing road standards - 5% of 300 km of new national road construction with green belts MRV: MPWT's Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Road design specification and Resilient and Inclusive Design Principles developed by MPWT |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 36. Develop and expand resilient school infrastructure by constructing new buildings and facilities, retrofitting existing structures, and designing climate-resilient infrastructure tailored to geographic and demographic needs This involves constructing new school buildings and facilities to meet climate-resilient standards. It also includes retrofitting and upgrading existing structures to withstand natural disasters such as floods. The infrastructure should be climate-resilient, incorporating sustainable materials and adaptable designs tailored to each location's geographic and demographic characteristics. The goal is to ensure safe, inclusive, and long-lasting student learning environments. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It responds to climate related disasters such as temperature increase, drought, flood, storms and lightning. CO-BENEFITS: Boost enrolment rates and ensure the continuity of education during climate-related disasters. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: % of women, youth and people with disability in local consultations conducted on the design of school infrastructure and facilities MOEYS (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 10 schools built and retrofitted TARGETS: - By 2026, complete guidelines for school resilience and shortlisted schools for construction. - By 2027, upgrade drawing materials for school resilience; - By 2028, the pilot 40 new climate-resilient schools will be constructed, and 10 schools will be retrofitted and upgraded to withstand natural disasters. - By 2035, 1,000 new climate-resilient schools will be constructed, and 200 schools will be retrofitted and upgraded to withstand natural disasters such as floods. MRV: MoEYS' Annual Report and construction department report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Solar energy, a cooling system, eco-system construction materials, and an early warning alerting system. |
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 37. Construct climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres with integrated climate and inclusive disaster-resilient design in disaster-prone areas This involves the construction of Climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres, which focus on building secure, durable facilities in disaster-prone areas that can serve as shelters during emergencies. These centres are designed with integrated climate and disaster-resilient features, including elevated structures, reinforced materials, sustainable energy sources, and water and sanitation systems. Beyond immediate safety, they provide dignified, accessible spaces that support and address varied needs of vulnerable populations especially women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities during crises. These centres also serve as community hubs for preparedness training and risk reduction education, enhancing long-term resilience and adaptive capacity. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Improve the climate-resilient construction practices and infrastructure standards across critical sectors CO-BENEFITS: Improve community safety during disasters. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: % of women participating in consultations on the planning of climate resilient and safe evacuation centres. NCDM (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025): 10 (6 WFP, 1 NCDM and 3 MRD) TARGETS: - By 2028, review and update of the Gender Responsive Climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres construction guidelines - By 2035, 25 trainings on SoP of Climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres, and establishment of 20 Climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres. MRV: NCDM's Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: The design of Climate and Disaster- Resilient Safe Evacuation Centres is available. |
Health
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Adaptation | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Infrastructure: 38. Enhancing climate-resilient cities at the sub-national level by conducting climate vulnerability and impact assessments to integrate climate resilience strategies into sub-national development plans This initiative focuses on strengthening urban resilience by conducting detailed climate vulnerability and impact assessments with GEDSI within cities at the sub-national level. The findings from the assessment will inform the integration of climate resilience strategies into sub-national development plans. By aligning sub-national development plans with climate risk data, this approach enables cities to proactively address current and future climate challenges, ensuring sustainable, inclusive, and adaptive urban growth. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Strengthen climate-resilient cities CO-BENEFITS:-Develop environmentally friendly cities that ensure community safety during disasters. - Climate vulnerable groups, such as women and the poor population, benefit from climate resilient solutions from city governments. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: # of subnational development plans integrating gender and climate resilient measures with gender indicators, baselines and targets. NCDD (lead) WITH MLMUPC BASELINE INDICATOR: Draft Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessments for Subnational Adaptation in Cambodia (2025). TARGETS: - By 2030, at least 1 climate vulnerability and impact assessments will be conducted with GEDSI consideration to support city administrations' planning and investment. - By 2035, 10 cities will integrate data and results from climate vulnerability and impact assessments into their development plans for an urban sustainable, inclusive and adaptive urban growth. MRV: NCDD's Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: A guideline on Climate Resilience Infrastructure for subnational Administration s exists. Lack of appropriate technologies, such as climate data-driven tools to support city governments' decisions, climate-smart infrastructure, resilient city solutions, smart transportation, and EWS, among others |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Livelihood and ecosystems: 43. Establish and strengthen national biodiversity monitoring and assessment systems reflecting ecosystem and livelihood resilience Establish and strengthen national biodiversity monitoring and assessment systems reflecting ecosystem and livelihood resilience by developing and improving data collection tools (including community-based mobile application), formalizing institutional arrangement for integration into CEMIS with clear institutional roles, and ensuring the use of locally collected data to support inclusive planning and sustainable management of natural resources. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Enabling inclusive, evidence-based planning to sustain ecosystems and support resilient livelihoods. CO-BENEFITS: Empowering local communities through participatory data collection (e.g., mobile apps for reporting wildlife sightings), improving institutional coordination for biodiversity governance (e.g., clearly defined roles in CEMIS). CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Proportion of young people and women engaged in biodiversity monitoring and assessments. MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: 30 communities trained and actively engaged in biodiversity data collection using standardized tools - 500 biodiversity citizen science contributions (i.e., community generated observations or monitoring data entry) integrated in national biodiversity monitoring and assessment -500/year data access from CEMIS for biodiversity data by the public MRV: - Training report(s) - MoE Report- Data access portal report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Biodiversity and ecosystems |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Livelihood and ecosystems: 50. Expand, establish and improve the management of coastal and marine protected areas Increase the coverage and improve the management of coastal and marine protected areas by applying ecosystem-based approaches that conserve biodiversity, restore critical habitats and ensure sustainable access to marine resources for local communities. These actions include recognizing and supporting Other Effective area based Conservation Measures (OECMs), enhancing enforcement, and enabling communities to benefit from ecologically intact and well-managed ecosystems that sustain livelihoods, ecosystem services, and coastal resilience in line with national and international conservation targets. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: -Protecting and restoring critical marine and coastal habitats such as coral reefs, seagrasses, and mangroves serve as natural buffers against storm surges, erosion, and sea-level rise. -Expanding and improving the management of protected areas, including recognition of OECMs, ensures ecosystem functionality that supports long-term climate adaptation for both nature and people CO-BENEFITS: -Biodiversity conservation, sustainable fisheries, and ecotourism opportunities. - Protecting marine habitats supports healthy ecosystems that provide food security, sustainable jobs and income, and cultural values for coastal communities. - Preservation and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems, including mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses. These ecosystems store large quantities of carbon in their biomass and sediments. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Engage women and IPs in coastal and marine resource stewardship. - Proportion of population following sustainable fishing/marine harvesting practices, by sex and type of practice MOE (lead) WITH MAFF MLMUPC BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: - 5 marine and coastal protected areas established or strengthened, including Marine Fisheries Management Areas (MFMA) and Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) - 3 Research Report showing the number of people (disaggregated by gender and vulnerability) benefitting from improved access to sustainably managed marine and coastal resources - 3 Research Report showing the Improvement in marine resource conditions, such as increases in key biodiversity indicators (e.g., coral cover, mangrove extent, species richness, fish stock health) MRV: MoE and MAFF Report Assessment report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: GIS tools for marine zoning and biodiversity mapping, and mobile apps for community reporting of illegal activities |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Biodiversity and ecosystems |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Livelihood and ecosystems: 46. Identify zones within Protected Areas (PAs) that are threatened by climate risks and increase their resilience Identify zones within PAs that are threatened by climate risks and increase their resilience by demarcating zones crucial for ecosystems and community livelihoods and ensuring their intactness, it is possible to effectively maintain biodiversity, habitats, and ecosystems as well as livelihoods for IPLC in the concerned areas. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Ensures that intact ecosystems continue to provide essential services like water regulation, food sources, and habitat stability therefore it will reduce risk of drought, fires, or floods. CO-BENEFITS: Supports biodiversity conservation, safeguards ecosystem services, and secures traditional livelihoods CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: IPLC, including women, youth, and the elderly, are involved in identifying and managing climate threatened zones MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: -10 Climate change vulnerability assessment of PA - 100% within PAs assessed on their climate vulnerability and size of areas being demarcated as threatened by climate risks calculated. - 100% of zoning and boundary systems that involve women and IPLC in restoration or natural resource management activities MRV: V&A of PA Report MoE Progress Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Remote sensing tools, GIS-based climate risk mapping, and community-based participatory mapping platforms |
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Biodiversity and ecosystems |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Livelihood and ecosystems: 47. Develop M&E framework for assessing climate impacts in PAs Develop and implement protected area-specific M&E frameworks to assess climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the livelihoods of local communities in order to inform adaptive conservation strategies and strengthen climate resilience. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Enabling PAs' managers and communities to understand how climate change affects biodiversity, ecosystem services, and livelihoods CO-BENEFITS: Improved data for conservation planning, enhanced transparency in management effectiveness, and greater accountability to stakeholders CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Engaging women, IPs, and youth in data collection, interpretation, and feedback processes to ensure that conservation responses reflect diverse experiences and vulnerabilities MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: - 5 Policy Brief or Research and Development Reports on climate-specific indicator and evaluation related to PA and/or biodiversity - 50% of protected areas with climate-specific monitoring and evaluation frameworks developed and operationalized MRV: Number Policy Brief or Research and MoE report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: CEMIS |
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Biodiversity and ecosystems |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Livelihood and ecosystems: 48. Strengthen Private-Public Partnerships (PPP) to promote and operationalise Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in PAs Strengthen Private-Public Partnerships (PPP) to promote and operationalise Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in PAs contributing to resource mobilization to support biodiversity conservation and improving IPLC's livelihood. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Mobilizing sustainable financing through PES, which supports the protection of ecosystems that buffer climate risks such as forests, wetlands, and watersheds while providing direct incentives to IPLCs CO-BENEFITS: PES through PPPs generates multiple cobenefits: it creates green income for rural households, strengthens biodiversity protection, and builds local conservation leadership CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Women and marginalized groups in benefit-sharing agreements, governance structures, and capacity-building efforts MOE (lead) Lead LM: MOE BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: - At least 5 private sectors engaged in PES mechanism. - At least 15 private sectors consulted in PES mechanism. - 5 IPLC benefiting from PES. MRV: MOE REPORT TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Digital MRV platforms to track ecosystem service delivery |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Biodiversity and ecosystems |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Livelihood and ecosystems: 51. Register and increase climate resilience in ecotourism and community-based ecotourism sites Support community's livelihood by promoting official registration of Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) with capacity building to these local communities, including indigenous people and women, on climate resilience/climate change adaptation. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Ecosystem conservation strengthens adaptive capacity, reducing vulnerability to climate shocks while promoting inclusive, sustainable development. CO-BENEFITS: Improving livelihoods through ecotourism income and job creation, strengthens local institutions and empowering women and IP with training and economic roles, and supporting ecosystem conservation by reducing harmful practices like illegal logging. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: N/A MOT (lead) WITH MOE MAFF BASELINE: 0 TARGETS: - 20 ecotourism community sites who received supports to promote climate resilience (50% women participants and 2 IP communities) - 20 ecotourism communities, homestays and tourism businesses awarded national or ASEAN green/sustainable tourism standards (50% women participants and 2 IP communities) - 10 communities implement the value added products development in agroecology (50% women participants) - 5 ecotourism sites and CBT/CBET registered to Green Destination Standard by Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). MRV: MOT REPORTS TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Digital registration and a platform that can support the communities |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Tourism |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Disaster and climate risk management: 58. Improve early warning systems by ensuring inclusive dissemination and integrating digital platforms with impact-based forecasting under the Early Warning for All (EW4ALL) initiative. The intervention aims to expand coverage to poor households and vulnerable groups including rural communities, women, persons with disabilities, and marginalized populations. Automated data sharing across key platforms will improve access, focusing on women and at-risk groups. A Common Alert Protocol (CAP) will be adopted nationally to standardize alerts. The programme will also build knowledge and trust among vulnerable communities to act on warnings and develop accessible, user-friendly communication materials to strengthen disaster awareness and response. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: The availability of real time climate data supports informed decision-making and enhances community level preparedness and response to disasters. CO-BENEFITS: Water resources, meteorology, and agriculture will also benefit from potential cross-sectoral activities. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS:GESI: - % of women in the coverage areas reporting access to early warning system alerts. - # of people from marginalized groups (including youth and PwDs) report access to accessible early warning system alerts - # of IPs report access to accessible early warning system alerts (culturally appropriate/ in simple language/using visual information) NCDM (lead) WITH MOP, GS-NSPC, MOWRAM BASELINE INDICATOR: - 154,000 Subscribers to the EWS1294 - EW4All implementation roadmap developed - EWS materials for disability inclusion being developed - No endorsed EWS SOPs TARGETS: -1.2 million poor households connected to EWS1294 -50% of people living with disabilities, at least 50% of indigenous people and at least 80% of women have access to the alert mechanism, - National EW4All roadmap implemented and monitored - EWS materials for disability inclusion developed and rolled out - EWS SOPs endorsed and disseminated MRV: Number of household/people register to the system Annual Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: - Automatic Weather and Hydrological Stations available, integrated into a broader Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) System. - Real-time technology based forecasting developed by advanced meteorological societies worldwide- EWS1294 early warning system |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Disaster and climate risk management: 59. Strengthen disaster preparedness and resilience by integrating anticipatory action (AA), securing appropriate financing, and enhancing local and community capacities. This includes adopting AA plan for priority hazards to boost community resilience, linking social protection programs to improve shock responsiveness, and exploring disaster risk financing. The intervention also builds local capacity through updated multi-sectoral contingency plans for floods, droughts, storms, and develops a heatwave action plan for Phnom Penh. Community-based initiatives will enhance vulnerable groups' ability to respond effectively to warning alerts. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: This helps reduce disaster impacts and strengthens local coping mechanisms. By tailoring existing social protection programmes and delivery systems to be more responsive to shocks, vulnerable populations can receive timely support during crises, enhancing their ability to recover and adapt CO-BENEFITS: Fosters stronger coordination among government agencies, humanitarian actors and local stakeholders leading to more efficient disaster governance. - Ensures that vulnerable populations especially the poor, elderly, women, and persons with disabilities receive targeted support, promoting equity and reducing social and economic disparities. - Enhances public understanding of climate risks and encourages proactive behaviors, fostering a culture of preparedness. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: % of women and other marginalized groups (PwDs, IPs, LGBTIQA+ and youth) benefitting NCDM (lead) WITH MOWRAM, MPTC, MOE, GS-NSPC, NBFSA/MEF BASELINE INDICATOR: -AA protocol for floods developed -AA working group established - DRF Strategy launched but not yet operationalized for AA TARGETS: - Harmonized multihazard AA protocols endorsed and piloted - AA integrated in national policies and strategies - DRF Strategy is operationalized for AA MRV: ANNUAL REPORT TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Disaster and climate risk management: 60. Strengthen the preparedness and response capacities of national and local institutions and communities through mainstreaming migration and displacement trends, gender and disability inclusion. Integrates inclusive DRM into Commune Development Plans (CDP) and Commune Investment Plans (CIPs), and develops gender-responsive, disability-inclusive emergency preparedness and response plans at the commune level. Capacity building for stakeholders, development of drought and heatwave contingency plans, and improved coordination through upgraded data platforms like PRISM and CamDi are prioritized. The programme enhances data collection on climate-induced migration, supports policy integration, and ensures vulnerable groups' needs are met in sector contingency plans with safe shelters. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - It promotes long-term risk-informed planning that reflects the needs of all community members, including women, children, PWDs, and marginalized groups. - It facilitates better data integration and sharing, supporting effective forecasting, vulnerability assessments, and SRSP. Reliable, real-time data is crucial for timely action and targeted resource allocation. - Capacity building ensures a well coordinated, skilled, and informed response mechanism during disaster. - Strengthening data exchange and coordination at the sub-national and community levels improves the accuracy and rapid needs assessments, IDPoor list updates, and early warning dissemination. CO-BENEFITS:- Enhance overall preparedness and coordination, while ensuring the needs of vulnerable groups are addressed and strengthens inclusive preparedness. - Improves anticipatory action and minimizes sectoral losses. - Enhance data on climate linked migration and displacement to inform planning and protect displaced populations. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - % of women at the communes participating in the development of emergency response and contingency plans. - % of most vulnerable individuals including PwDs and LGBTQIA+ members have access to safe contingency measures NCDM (lead) WITH NCDD, PCDM BASELINE INDICATOR: - National contingency plan for flood - 25 provincial contingency plans for flood. - Commune Development Plans (CDP) and Commune Investment Plans (CIPs) don't systematically incorporate DRM/DRR measures TARGETS: -National contingency plan for drought and heat wave developed - CDPs & CIPs incorporate inclusive DRM/DRR measures - Sectoral (e.g., Education, Health, WASH, Food Systems, Shelter, etc.) contingency plans incorporate inclusive DRR principles MRV: Annual report Training report Number of research TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: EWS1294 early warning system Kobo toolbok for data collect for PRIS |
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Disaster and climate risk management: 61. Enhance disaster risk analytics and identify vulnerable communities to support evidence-based decision-making. This includes developing risk knowledge products that address the diverse needs of vulnerable groups considering gender, age, geography, and disabilities to improve effectiveness for decision-makers. It also involves creating climate hazard and gender responsive vulnerability assessments and monitoring tools for informed risk management. Additionally, this will strengthen data sharing among key agencies to Improve targeting and coordination, ensuring more accurate and inclusive disaster risk analysis and response planning. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: - Inclusive knowledge products to strengthen equity in planning by addressing diverse needs. - Inclusive risk and vulnerability assessment to improve targeted, risk-informed decisions. - Enhance data sharing to enable faster, coordinated, and effective responses CO-BENEFITS: -Promotes inclusive policies - Enhances the accuracy and relevance of preparedness plans, benefiting high-risk and underserved groups. - Improves coordination, reduces duplication, and supports faster, more effective decision-making. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: # of women, youth and members of other vulnerable groups engaged in the design of the knowledge products. NCDM (lead) WITH NCDD, PCDM BASELINE INDICATOR: - Disaster Risk Assessment Index developed and launched (AI powered disaster risk assessment in Cambodia) - PRISM and CamDi developed but not fully integrated into Government decision-making process - NCDDS is generating data and info related to vulnerabilities (such as down scale climate risk and vulnerability assessment) at the local level TARGETS: -Updated risk assessment developed by the Government - Updated multidisaster Risk Assessment - PRISM, CamDi and other relevant tools are fully integrated into the Government system to support decision-making. -Strengthening decision making for disaster risk management using down scale climate Data MRV: - Annual report - Number of Dashboard updated TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Disaster and climate risk management: 63. Establishment and modernization of a centralized and standardized meteorological and hydrological data centre for water management This measure targets the establishment of a data bank storage portal (Integrated Data Service Platform) accessible to all stakeholders and users, with a friendly access to it. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: It enhances the capacity of communities and ecosystems to adapt to and recover from environmental stresses and shocks, and it serves as a unifying mechanism that aligns and supports coherence across global frameworks related to sustainability, climate resilience, and disaster preparedness CO-BENEFITS:-Strengthened Collaboration Among Major Water Users - Helps reverse or halt the negative impacts of overdevelopment by promoting responsible and equitable water management. - Ensures that water systems continue to support both human needs and the health of ecosystems within the basin. - Improve evidence based data collection that can inform better design and project proposals CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Gender and age disaggregated data is collected and used at the water resource management info center MOWRAM (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: Integrated Data Service Platform hosted at MoWRAM to provide data to stakeholders who demand for hydrometeorological data (Web portal for data service) MRV: Annual and project report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: The National Water Resources Data Management Center (NWRDMC) is supported by partners such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Investment Bank (EIB), Meteo France International, and others. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 64. Building climate resilience among poor, vulnerable and at-risk population by strengthening routine social protection programmes and service delivery This Measure focuses on providing targeted, timely, and adequate social protection support, including cash, in-kind, and health services, to poor, vulnerable, and at-risk populations, including pregnant women and children under 2-years, school children, persons with disabilities, elderly, and persons living with HIV/AIDS, to enhance their adaptive capacity to climate change. This includes: 1. Strengthening routine social protection programmes access, implementation and enrolment with attention to gender and community engagement (e.g. intersectional gender analysis, public awareness campaigns); 2. Strengthening IDPoor system by addressing registration and verification challenges 3. Strengthening delivery systems, including grievance mechanisms and shock responsive components; 4. Implementing the National-Home Grown School Feeding (NHGSFP) Joint Transition Strategy. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Improved adaptive capacity of the population, especially among climate vulnerable groups, reduced risk of impoverishment due to climate shocks, advancement towards universal social protection floor commitments (adopted in 2012 by countries including Cambodia), strengthened national systems, ownership and accountability CO-BENEFITS :Enhanced coordination for disaster risk management response, improved levels of awareness among communities CROSSCUTTING TOPICS:GESI: Ensure gender equity and disability inclusion by prioritizing support/targeted campaigns for female-headed households and marginalized groups. Enhance service delivery mechanism and/or finance awareness campaigns and training. Track using disaggregated data by gender, age disability. GS-NSPC (lead), WITH MOP, MOE, MOSVY, MOH, MOEYS, MLVT, MOWA, NSAF, NSSF BASELINE INDICATOR: -2025: 90% of IDPoor households registered in the Family Package programme - 2024: 553 schools under the national Home-Grown School Feeding programme - 2024: 45 % of population covered by social health protection TARGETS: - 95% of IDPoor households registered in the Family Package programme - 1114 schools under the national Home- Grown School Feeding programme - 80 % of population covered by social health protection MRV: NSAF Family Package MIS data disaggregated by age, sex, disability status - Reported by MoEYS-WFP school records - Annual reporting from GS-NSPC TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Extensive mobile Banking network and G2P online payment systems; IDPoor, Digital Social Protection Platform (DSPP) in expansion |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 65. Reducing climate vulnerability among poor, vulnerable, and at-risk population by implementing shock responsive social protection (SRSP) and improving interoperability of social protection systems This measure focuses on strengthening the five building blocks of the SRSP Framework to ensure systematic, predictable, timely and effective support for poor, vulnerable, and at-risk populations including pregnant women and children under 2- years, school children, persons with disabilities, elderly, and persons living with HIV/AIDS facing climate and other shocks. This includes: 1. developing and implementing shock responsive social protection system as well as improving IDPoor identification of climate-vulnerable households, service delivery and monitoring while leveraging interoperable systems and data exchange mechanisms and 2. Expanding the Digital Social Protection Platform to link with early warning systems, enabling social protection beneficiaries to receive customized early warning messages, in alignment with CREWS and EW4ALL initiatives. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Timely responses to shocks tailored to the needs of specific groups will reduce vulnerability by enabling communities to prepare for and cope effectively with the impacts of climate shocks, thereby minimizing loss of life and property. The use and expansion of SRSP will also strengthen government systems, delivery mechanisms and improve efficiency of operations, thus increasing systemic resilience in addition to community resilience CO-BENEFITS: Improved disaster preparedness and response across vulnerable communities and systems, strengthened trust and engagement in social protection programmes and overall governance, reduced physical and economic losses and mitigated impacts from climate related hazards CROSSCUTTING TOPICS:GESI: Climate forecasts/data informed programme designed will allow for needs-based service packages as well as tailored messaging for women, youth, elderly persons, ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities, using inclusive languages and formats. Track using data disaggregated by gender, age and disability. GS-NSPC (lead), WITH MOP, WITH MOP, MOSVY, NCDM, MOWRAM, MOEYS, MOE, GDB/MEF, MOI, MOWA, NCDDS, NSAF, NSSF BASELINE INDICATOR: 2025:0 TARGETS: -4 operational guidance developed and endorsed to make SRSP - 3 disaster risk assessments conducted for different climate hazards, focusing on poor, vulnerable and at-risk population - 2 Impact based triggers established for SRSP to address different climate hazards - 5 databases/ systems integrated with the Social Protection Registry to ensure interoperability for rapid data sharing during climate shocks - 40 training provided to sub-national administrations in areas at risks of climate change disaster on social protection and climate adaptation MRV: Annual reporting from GS-NSPC Annual tracking of technical specifications and API reports TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: PRISM and IDPoor, EWS1294 system established, work on API between IDPoor and EWS1294 ongoing, Mobile based SMS and IVR (Interactive Voice Response) systems for alert dissemination , trials with use of AI undergoing, real time tracking of hazard information |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 66. Enabling a just and inclusive transition by expanding social protection to those whose livelihoods are/will be affected by climate change This measure includes: 1. the implementation of the National Graduation-Based Social Protection Programme to enhance the climate resilience and adaptive capacities of poor and vulnerable households through training, improved livelihood options, and providing sustainable pathways out of poverty; 2. the design of a Family Package referral and linkage mechanism to strengthen access to essential services and promote climate-resilient development. In addition, this measure assesses the feasibility of: 1. a Cash-for-Work Programme under NSPC coordination for climate adaptation and mitigation, including during shocks; 2. unemployment related support for those who become unemployed, including as a direct result of climate change or Cambodia's green transition. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Targeting based on climate vulnerability indicators allows selection of households that are most at risk from climate events, and safeguards economic destitution by building household level capacities Complementary training will promote income diversification and investments in productive assets, thereby reducing underlying vulnerabilities and preventing negative coping strategies CO-BENEFITS: Strengthening of local economy; less reliance on negative coping strategies to cope with climate risks and increased financial capacities of households and communities, leading to improved health, wellbeing, human development and reducing overall vulnerability to climate change impacts CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Vulnerable groups in most at risk areas exposed to climate hazards prioritized for income support and income diversification options. Training included will enable climate smart agriculture and productive investments that safeguard loss of income due to climate hazards when dependent on one source of income. Track using data disaggregated by gender, age, and disability. GS-NSPC (lead) WITH MOP, OSVY, MLVT, MOE, MAFF, MRD, MOWRAM, GDICDM, MEF, GDB/MEF, MOWA, NSAF, NSSF, PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES BASELINE INDICATOR: 2025:0 TARGETS: -50,000 IDPoor households receiving Graduation based Social Protection Programme - 1 completed design and pilot of the Family Package Referral and Linkage Mechanism - 2 feasibility studies conducted to set up additional new social protection programmes MRV: - Annual tracking of graduation-based programme's beneficiary data disaggregated by age sex, disability status - Annual reporting by GS-NSPC TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Mobile banking for quick wage payments, IDPoor database indicating number of individuals in natural resource dependent livelihoods disaggregated by age, sex, disability and ethnicity |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 67. Establishing the foundations for climate-sensitive housing related support for poor, vulnerable and at risk population through the social protection system This measure aims to explore housing related support to enable access to affordable, safe, and climate-resilient housing to vulnerable populations, including those in informal settlements prone to climate hazards like heat waves and floods. It includes: 1. a feasibility study to understand needs arising from climate change impacts by exploring climate-sensitive housing related supports for vulnerable groups and demand for other social protection supports; 2. a feasibility study to examine the potential for providing support to vulnerable groups residing in pagodas and other religious sites. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Affordability of safe, climate resilient housing reduces vulnerability to climate hazards (e.g., floods, heatwaves) and improves health outcomes thus enhancing the adaptive capacity of different groups. Additional subsidies for meeting increased energy costs can also help in building resilience and preventing additional expenses among poor households CO-BENEFITS: Improves living conditions and public health and WASH, reduces urban heat islands; increases economic opportunities through construction and renovation activities; promotes coordinated and climate sensitive urban development planning CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Prioritize housing for female-headed households, elderly residents, persons with disabilities, and young girls moving to urban cities from rural areas. Additionally, youth could be involved in urban greening projects as part of public works programs, thus supporting skill-building and employment. PS: Could be involved in green technology supply. GS-NSPC (lead), WITH MLMUPC, GDB/MEF, GDPPP/MEF, MOP, MOSVY, MOCR, NSAF BASELINE INDICATOR: 2025:0 TARGETS: 2 feasibility studies conducted to assess housing support mechanisms for poor and vulnerable groups MRV: End line reporting on completed feasibility study TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: IDPoor for identification of urban poor, urban greening technology examples, expanding Digital Social Protection Platform. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 68. Expand Specialized Social Services (SSS) and reinforce the climate resilience of all rehabilitation centers, residential care institutions (RCIs) and communities Extending social work interventions, counselling, holistic care, therapy and medical support for persons with disabilities, the elderly and individuals in rehabilitation centers, residential care institutions (RCIs) and community-based centers to receive safe and supportive services before, during and after emergency responses of natural disasters of climate change. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: The service providers use case management procedures to analyze the causes, problems and needs of the clients to link them to social services and SSS that they need the most. Through intervention and counselling, they can observe and obtain information relevant to any disasters and global warming that can cause heat stroke, mental health problems, eye problems, etc. During the services, clients will obtain basic knowledge of how to adapt to climate resilience at home and outdoors. All the residents in state, private and NGO centers/RCIs need to be trained to adapt the climate resilience. All centers/RCIs need to meet the standard of green environment and energy. CO-BENEFITS: Through intervention, counselling, care and therapy, clients will have better health, and SSS will help cut down the expense and time of the individual and family for not visiting the hospital. Having a green environment and energy at the center of RCIs can reduce state expenses and promote a healthy environment for the residents. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Data disaggregated by gender and age to obtain the specific number of women, elderly women, and girls who are victims and vulnerable individuals receiving safe and supportive emergency responses and other SSS before, during, and after climate induced natural disasters. MOSVY (lead) WITH MOH, MOI, NCDM BASELINE INDICATOR: BASELINE:0 TARGETS: By 2035: - # victims and vulnerable individuals received counselling attached with climate resilience knowledge 340,000 PwDs holding PwDs Card 300,000 Elderly as the member of association 3,500 Homeless People 9,499 Children and Youth in the centers: - Evaluated as a standard of climate resilient place for the victims and vulnerable groups: 252 RCIs 1 Juvenile Center 5 Transit Centers 19 Drug Rehab. Centers 15 Rehab. Centers for PwD. - 5 policies and SOPs built or updated to include the climate resilience, disaster risk reduction and emergency response intervention for victim and vulnerable groups in the centers and RCIs MRV: Admin. Report and Integration Case Management System (ICMS) TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Laptops and Apps such as Ms. Office and data analysis tools, Integration Case Management System (ICMS) |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 69. Integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change into the planning, development and support of the Social Service Workforce through enhancement of legal framework, adoption of quality assurance system and capacity building of the SSW 1. Integrate climate change into quality assurance for the social service workforce, draft child protection law, and Child Protection SOPs.; 2. Develop evidence-based training curricula on climate adaptation, green practices, and social work in disaster risk reduction. ; 3. Build capacity of the social service workforce on climate-responsive child protection and disaster risk reduction.; 4. Strengthen child protection services responsive to climate and disability, including integrating a climate marker in Primero and case management 5. Ensure SSW inclusion in disaster responses, data systems, and relocation planning. 6. Promote child and youth participation in climate-responsive protection systems.; 7. Conduct risk assessments for diverse groups of children (e.g., indigenous, rural, disabled) to inform tailored responses. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Builds institutional resilience by integrating climate and disaster risk considerations into social service workforce Development. Strengthening the legal framework, quality assurance, and capacity of the workforce ensures a more adaptive and responsive child protection system during climate-related emergencies. CO-BENEFITS: - Ensures more responsive child protection services during climate-related emergencies. - Strengthens legal and quality assurance systems for a climate-informed social service workforce. -DRR: Enhances frontline capacity to respond to child protection risks linked to climate shocks. -Supports use of climate data and case management systems to inform services. - Promotes disability responsive and gender sensitive protection during displacement and recovery. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Gender-responsive and disability inclusive social service workforce - Youth inclusion in training development and community outreach activities. PS: Opportunities to engage training institutions or tech providers in workforce capacity building and data systems. MOSVY (lead) WITH MOI AND SNA BASELINE INDICATOR: - Social service workforce quality assurance system inclusive of Climate change (DRR and Climate Resilient SSW) developed and operational - Baseline: Quality assurance system for social service workforce is in development stage (score 8 of 16) in 2023 - Baseline: 0 TARGETS: -Quality assurance system for social service workforce is well developed (score 16) - 379 trained social service workforce have engaged in disaster risk reduction, climate change adaption and climate resilience programming (preparedness and response) - Climate responsive child protection services case management system developed and operationalised to identify and address protection risks through capacitated, resourced, and social service workforce - A system enabled social service workforce to collect, analyse and share data (e.g. displacement tracking, damage, loss and recovery needs assessments…) developed and operationalized MRV: Child Protection Information Management System, Government Partners Reports Primero case Management system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Primero case management system Child Protection Information Management System Registration, Accreditation and Licensing System Supervision System Human Resource Information Management System |
Economic security
Unpaid care work
|
Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Social protection, social services and child protection: 70. Embed child protection provisions in climate policies and planning to address children affected by climate change, particularly child trafficking, migration, and repatriation, and to ensure adoption of risk mitigation for children affected by climate change, with a focus on case management and social work 1. Collect data on children affected by migration and trafficking, with analysis of climate change impacts to inform policy and programmes. 2. Develop and implement SOPs on child protection in contexts of migration, trafficking and violence, integrating climate change adaptation.; 3. Strengthen child protection services and case management for children impacted by climate-induced migration, trafficking, and violence. ; 4. Enhance coordination on child protection across ministries and with destination countries.; 5. Include children and youth perspectives in policy and SOP development. 6. Use child- and youth-friendly formats to share SOPs and climate adaptation information with at-risk children. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Builds system resilience by ensuring climate-sensitive child protection systems can more effectively respond to risks such as trafficking, violence, and unsafe migration. - Embedding case management and social work into adaptation and migration planning enhances the protective environment for children facing climate-induced displacement. CO-BENEFITS: -Reduces exposure to violence, exploitation, and trafficking during climate-related displacement - Embeds child protection into national and cross-border migration and adaptation policies. - Increases protection for children on the move during climate-induced crises. - Strengthens data systems to inform child-focused migration and trafficking responses. - Supports targeted case management for high-risk and marginalised children. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Addresses vulnerabilities of girls, migrant children, and trafficked children through integrated and inclusive protection mechanisms. PS: Potential to collaborate with ICT and data providers to strengthen case management and migration tracking systems. MOSVY (lead) WITH MOI NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR COUNTER TRAFFICKING (NCCT), SNA BASELINE INDICATOR: BASELINE:0 TARGETS: -1 research and study on children in the context of migration and human trafficking with deep dive of impact of climate change - 2 MoU (2026) or SOPs on child protection in the context of migration, trafficking, violences with inclusive of climate change adaptation developed and endorsed - 5000 children in the context of migration, trafficking, violences with inclusive of climate change adaptation received child protection services MRV: MoSVY and NCCT report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Primero case management system Child Protection Information Management System |
Gender-based violence
|
Adaptation | Other |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Air quality: 73. Enhance air quality monitoring: expand coverage and upgrade equipment and the centralized data center This measure enhances Cambodia's Air Quality (AQ) management system by expanding the number of air quality monitoring stations nationwide and upgrading the AQ monitoring stations as well as upgrading the centralized data center. The expanded network will ensure province-wide coverage, enabling the collection of accurate, real time data on key air pollutants. The centralized center located at the MoE processes, analyzes, and disseminates AQ data through a publicly accessible digital platform, including a mobile application that provides real-time air quality updates, alerts, and health advisories. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Strengthen public health resilience by enhancing early warning systems for climate-related health risks, providing timely data that enables vulnerable communities to take precautionary measures, adopt appropriate behavioral responses during high pollution events (e.g., reduced outdoor exposure), and support the implementation of emergency health protocols. CO-BENEFITS: -Promotes environmental awareness, supports public health interventions, and empowers communities through improved access to information. - Enhances intersectoral coordination and policy alignment on air quality, health, and climate action. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Mobile application will be available in Khmer and designed for accessibility by women, vulnerable group, and persons with disabilities MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: (2025) - 13 reference air quality monitoring stations were installed (3 stations in the capital city and 10 stations in provinces). - website and app established https://airquality.moe.gov.kh/home TARGETS: (2035) - 28 stations (15 new stations) installed. - The Chakra mobile application will be upgraded to incorporate advanced system features, enhancing functionality through the advance of the monitoring centralized center. MRV: Annual MoE report and data collected from monitoring stations transmitted to central servers TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: YES |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Cambodia | Adaptation Measures - (Table 8/Annex 1) - Air quality: 74. Strengthen emission control and management in factories This measure aims to control air pollution and industrial emissions from key sectors such as cement, coal power plants, and garment factories by equipping with Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) and emission control, following the national emission standard and existing air quality control regulations. RESILIENCE BUILDING POTENTIAL: Improved air quality, reduced respiratory illnesses, green job creation through pollution control technology, and improved industrial compliance capacity. CO-BENEFITS: -Enhances institutional capacity for pollution control and reduces climate-related health risks for urban and periurban populations exposed to industrial emissions. - High potential to monitor the actual reduction of GHG and non-GHG pollutants (black carbon, dust) from combustion processes, contributing to national mitigation commitments CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Promotes gender-responsive occupational health standards in industrial zones; includes social safeguards for workers PS: encourages private sector investment in clean technologies MOE (lead) WITH MISTI BASELINE INDICATOR: N/A TARGETS: -By 2027, a platform to collect AQ data from factories is operationalized. - By 2035, 100% of cement and coal power plants with Continuous Emissions Monitoring System(CEMS) equipped and 80% of garment factories have emission control systems installed. MRV: Annual reports, data from the platform, and inspection reports. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: YES |
Health
|
Adaptation | Industry |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 1. Implement safe schools and Eco-schools to promote environmental sustainability, ensure resilient facilities, uphold child rights, and support continuous learning Increased ambition and coverage to implement both safe schools and eco-schools. This involves the implementation of the National Guidelines on Eco-school and the Guidelines for Safe School Framework as part of the child-friendly school program, which the MoE has developed to promote environmental friendliness and ensure the safety of students before, during and after climate-related hazards. These schools prioritize the rights and needs of children, ensuring inclusive access to education in all circumstances. By integrating green infrastructure and disaster risk reduction strategies, they support continuous learning and community resilience while fostering environmental awareness among students. CO-BENEFITS: Contributing to environmental friendliness by implementing an Ecoschool and Safe School Frameworks. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: 50% of girls and women are participating in implementing Ecoschools and safe schools. Children with disabilities are also participating. MOEYS (lead) WITH MOE BASELINE INDICATOR: - 85 Eco-schools (68=MoE, 17=MoEYS) - 114 (primary) safe school (MoEYS with CRF) - 74 (primary) Safe schools and Ecoschools (MoEYS with support from Save the Children) TARGETS: - 1000 schools will implement eco-schools by 2035. - 1000 schools will implement safe schools by 2035. MRV: MoEYS annual report, Education Congress report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Eco-school guidelines (2016, MoE and MoEYS) Safe School Framework (2023, MoEYS) |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 3. Upgrade non-formal education curriculum to build green competencies Adjusted measure aligned with new policy frameworks such as ESP 2024-2028, which aims to: - Enhance the curriculum and teaching materials for non-formal education including life skills and green competencies - Implement the updated curriculum through Lifelong Learning Centers (LLCs) CO-BENEFITS: Students shall understand the concept of climate change mitigation, pollution, biodiversity, environmental conservation and 5Rs strategies CROSSCUTTING TOPICS:GESI: - green skills training for out-of-school youth, women, and marginalized groups - Youth perspectives will inform the design of non-formal learning pathways PS: Private sector actors will contribute to identifying priority green competencies and co-developing training modules that match labour market demands. MOEYS (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: By 2025, 23 Lifelong Learning Centers (LLCs) upgraded TARGETS: By 2035, 50 LLCs implement updated curriculum MRV: Non-Formal Education (NFE) reports on LLCs implementation of standards and curriculum TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: 1. Education for sustainable development: a roadmap 2. Greening curriculum guidance: teaching and learning for climate action |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 6. Promote environmental sustainability and climate resilience in Cambodia by integrating green concepts into the national Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system. CO-BENEFITS: - Green job creation and entrepreneurship - Gender empowerment and social inclusion - Safer and healthier learning environments - Local innovation and community resilience CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: Gender equality, youth empowerment, rural inclusion, digital transformation, private sector engagement MLVT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: • < 5% of TVET graduates trained in the green concept • 0 green institutions • N/A female participation TARGETS: At least 60% of all public TVET students graduate with certified green skills (generic or specific); - 20 institutions implementing Green TVET practices. MRV: Annual report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Basic digital and classroom tools, solar energy kits, smart agriculture tools, and green training materials. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 7. Expand the number of broadcasting programs on climate change to increase understanding, promote best practices and combat misinformation - Develop and implement broadcasting and awareness programs on climate change through roundtables, banners, radio, tv and online media; - Organise trainings for journalists to combat fake news and misinformation. - Cooperate with other LMs on technical support; - The training topics include climate change, gender, social inclusion. CO-BENEFITS: Green journalism jobs Preserving traditional knowledge Better understanding of good environmental practices CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - At least 20% women access to training, roundtable and access to media/broadcasting programs - # of women, Indigenous People, people with disabilities and local communities reached through broadcasting and reporting on climate change - 20 people from marginalized groups (women, Indigenous People, people with disabilities and youth) supported to serve as resource people for training of journalists and as journalists MONIFO (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: - 11 roundtables - 71 news articles (Khmer, English and French, and 1 Photo news - 62 topics of news feature (national radio) - 68 topics of news feature (AKP) - 40 topics of news feature (App MoINFO) TARGETS: - 20 workshops/2,400 journalists trained on climate change and combating fake news. -10 million people reached through 1,000 banners in provinces -10 million people reached from 18,000 individual broadcasts by 5 private and state TV stations -20 million people reached by 12,000 individual broadcasts from 25 public and state radio stations across 25 provinces - Broadcasts in Khmer and in indigenous languages -10 million viewers reached through 18,000 social media posts on 5 social channels -1,200 print articles MRV: - Annual report and survey of sample population through Provincial Department of Information on the audiences of radio, TVs and banners. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Existing digital and physical platforms |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 9. Promote climate conscious thinking among civil servants Increase the number of trainings for government officials across ministries on key climate policies and strategies, including the NDC, CCCSP, Circular Strategy on Environment and others in collaboration with National School of Local Administration (NASLA). CO-BENEFITS: Increased level of implementation across mitigation and adaptation actions in different sectors CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Number of officials trained on gender and climate change links, participation data disaggregated by sex MOE/NCSD (lead) WITH NASLA BASELINE INDICATOR: 3 trainings/ year TARGETS: - 40 trainings conducted by Dept. of Environmental Education (4/year) - 4,000 (1,000/year) government officials trained by 2035 MRV: Training reports TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 11.Strengthen community resilience to climate-related health risks by developing and implementing public awareness campaigns on climate-sensitive diseases (e.g., dengue, malaria), injuries (e.g., drowning, snakebites), nutrition, and mental health, with targeted messaging for vulnerable groups (e.g., children, pregnant women, elderly, migrants, and persons with disabilities). (Human health and WASH) 1.Improve health literacy and build capacity of village health support groups (VHSG) and local authorities on climate-sensitive conditions. 2.Increase community awareness on climate-sensitive conditions. 3.Ensure community preparedness for climate impacts (extreme heat, flooding, air pollution, food/general hygiene, WASH) 4. Effectively disseminate information through communications campaigns and operationalization of a public information system 5. Enhance food safety through training, monitoring of end-use sites, and enforcement of food hygiene and safety standards CO-BENEFITS: - Improved attendance and ability to focus on learning - Greater awareness of health-related impact of pollution, water resource management and the environment - Improved economic opportunities - Increased local ownership, governance, and participation - Improved awareness, public health literacy, self-protection behavior, preparedness, and response capacity CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: appropriately tailored messaging and engagement for women or other vulnerable populations (children, youth, elderly, disabled) in high priority/risk areas Lead LM: MOH BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: - At least 80% of VHSGs have received standardized training on climate-sensitive diseases, injuries, and mental health - 100% of population reached through awareness activities - 25 Provinces and 60% of communes and province have completed community preparedness plans - One national mass media (or similar) campaign annually - 70% of end use site managers that receive certified raining on food hygiene and safety MRV: -Annual MOH Report - Campaign to raise awareness reported -Subnational plans - IEC/BCC produced and distributed - DDF Training reports TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Health |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 13. Increase awareness and knowledge in the vulnerable rural communes, including children and young people, on climate change impacts on WASH services, related health risks, and prevention measures. (Human health and WASH) This measure promotes climate and WASH awareness among rural populations, especially vulnerable groups like women, children, and youth. It builds community capacity to understand climate-WASH-health links and encourages preventive behaviors to reduce related health risks: - Develop a community outreach strategy on climate impacts, WASH, and health - Create child- and youth-friendly materials to build early awareness and empower action - Conduct school and community campaigns on climate-WASH-health impacts and prevention measures - Conducting awareness campaigns on impacts of climate change on WASH, related health risks, and prevention measures in both schools and local communities. -Public awareness-raising campaigns on the links of gender equality and social inclusion in climate change and WASH among rural populations especially vulnerable and marginalized groups to reduce climate-related health risks. CO-BENEFITS: - Increases uptake of hygiene and disease prevention practices, reducing water-borne diseases. - Increased climate and WASH awareness into schools and informal Learning - Enhances preparedness through risk communication and localized knowledge. - Strengthens local leadership and civic engagement, especially among youth and women. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Number of women participating in community education, health related risks and climate risks. Baseline: 0 (2025); Target 600,000 (2035) MRD (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Number of communes reached in the awareness raising campaigns on climate-WASH (Annual) % of people with Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on climate change impacts on WASH services (Every 5 years) TARGETS: 100% of vulnerable rural communes MRV: MRD WASH information management system + provincial monitoring report KAP Survey TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Health |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 14. Increase awareness and knowledge in the most vulnerable urban communities, including women, children and young people, on climate change impacts on sanitation services, related health risks, and prevention measures. (Human health and WASH) This measure, led by the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation, aims to increase awareness in vulnerable urban communities, especially women, children, and youth. It will: -Launch a comprehensive awareness campaign -Build understanding of health risks from climate-related sanitation disruptions -Promote preventive behaviors and community action -Empower residents to support climate-resilient sanitation -Foster early awareness and behavior change among children and youth as future change agents. CO-BENEFITS: - Reduces disease transmission through improved sanitation behaviors - Encourages school based WASH awareness, improving student health and attendance - Supports participatory urban sanitation planning and behavior change - Enhances urban populations' preparedness and response to climate related risks CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Reaches women with practical knowledge for household and community sanitation preparedness. - Prioritizes underserved and climate-vulnerable urban communities. - Empowers young people as peer educators and climate resilience advocates. - Encourages informed, community-led responses to climate-WASH-health challenges. MPWT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: % of target areas reached with awareness raising campaign TARGETS: 100% of target areas MRV: MPWT sewage and FSM data monitoring system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Local capacity available |
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Health |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Education, information and awareness raising: 15. Increase child and youth-sensitive commitments of government to enhance access to information and public awareness on climate change and its impacts on the promotion, protection and fulfillment of rights of children, and support families and communities to become climate resilient. (Child Protection) 1. Develop SBC and communication tools on climate adaptation and green practices for existing programmes (e.g., Strong Family Campaign, positive parenting). 2. Raise awareness among caregivers, youth and children on adaptation strategies via online and offline channels. 3. Develop a costed, public-friendly quad-media communication plan, incorporating the UN CRC, 2022 Concluding Observations, General Comment No. 26 (2023), and an MoSVY-managed knowledge base on child rights, climate resilience, and public engagement in climate action. 4. Integrate the costed communication plan into MoSVY's annual budget to maintain messaging on child rights and climate action. 5. Produce child and youth-friendly versions of NDC 3.0 and related materials. 6. Disseminate disaster and climate messages in child and youth-accessible formats (e.g., storytelling, games, radio, comics). CO-BENEFITS:- Increases caregiver and community capacity to protect children from climate-related harm - Enhances preparedness through climate literacy and behavior change at household and community levels - Improves public access to child rights and climate resilience information - Strengthens community and family resilience by enhancing skills that support families in protecting children's rights and well-being in the face of climate related risks CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Ensures public messaging is inclusive and accessible, with a focus on women, children, and persons with disabilities.- Positions young people as key communicators and change agents in climate and child protection awareness Campaigns. PS: Leverages media and tech platforms to disseminate child-focused climate messaging. MOSVY (lead) WITH MOWA, MOI, SNA, MOE BASELINE INDICATOR: # of children, adolescents, parents and caregivers reached through Strong Family Campaign and Positive Parenting (online and offline) Baseline: 107,590 (20% of boys) # of costed communication plans on child rights, child protection and climate actions developed Baseline: 0 TARGETS: Target: 257590 (45% of boys) Target: 01 (2030), 01 (2035) MRV: Annual Report from MOSVY and MOWA TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Application of social behavior science, and technological platforms |
Unpaid care work
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 16. Strengthen the institutional capacities of the NCSD through the Climate Change Technical Working Group (CC-TWG) - Support regular meetings of the CC-TWG - Review the list of LMs in the CC-TWG - Review the TOR for CC-TWG members and observers, including DPs, academia, CSOs, medias and youth representatives - Propose an annual workplan with clear and achievable goals and indicators - Provide structured capacity-building support to CC-TWG - Ensure buy-in from high-ranking officials within each LM - Enhance coordination between GMAG and CC-WTG - Build GESI capacity of CC-TWG and promote joint meetings with GMAG members to foster GESI mainstreaming in climate actions. CO-BENEFITS: Increase availability of climate data/ information CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - 60% CC-TWG members receiving gender and climate integration training - 1 meeting/year between GMAGs and CC-TWG members - 1 event/year bringing first person experience from marginalised groups to CC-TWG to raise awareness and understanding of real-life experiences of climate change impacts and traditional ecological knowledge - 1 meeting/year with the representatives from the Disability Action Group. - 1 capacity-building activity per year on GESI and strategy to mainstream GESI into climate change action - 30% of CC-TWG members are women as opposed to the baseline of less than 10%. NCSD (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 4 CC-TWG meetings per year TARGETS: - At least 3 CC-TWG meetings and 3 reports per year, documenting achievements and expected next steps of each meeting. -1 annual capacity assessment -Over 60% of CC-TWG members participate in capacity-building activities MRV: • Annual report of CCTWG activities, coordinated by MoE • Training and mission reports TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: WEB PORTAL |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 17. Enhance environmental diplomacy effort - Strengthen the capacities of Cambodia's climate change delegation to negotiate at the international level. - Support meaningful participation to international negotiations like COPs and other ASEAN dialogues, e.g. ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC) - Support the participation of delegates representing the civil society and Indigenous People - Clearly communicate the key outcomes of the international negotiations and assign relevant tasks among the CC-TWG to enhance implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and other UNFCCC commitments - Enhance collaboration with the MoFAIC - Conduct annual reflections on progress, challenges and solutions to inform improvements in the following year's plans and strategic actions. CO-BENEFITS: Better access to finance or resources - Increase international relationships CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - 20% women in international climate change delegations. - 10% of delegates are from nongovernmental organizations, particularly IPOs MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: - Annual position paper for COPs on Climate Change - Participation to 3 AWGCC annual meetings. TARGETS: -1 position paper per international event. The position needs to reflect all key stakeholders' voices. -10 COP outcomes are disseminated with LMs and relevant stakeholders -Participation to the annual Meetings of AWGCC MRV: Annual report by NCSD TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 18. Comply with ETF requirements under Paris Agreement on Climate Change and other tracking mechanisms to facilitate access to climate finance - Efficiently manage, regularly update and develop tools and mechanisms needed to comply with the ETF requirements under the Paris Agreement - Develop reporting tools and an online registry as compliance mechanisms for the carbon market. - Collaboration with MEF in the annual development of the CPER and climate finance tracking mechanisms, including also private investment tracking - Development of MRV systems focused on the consistent collection and use of sex disaggregated data. CO-BENEFITS: Increase the accountability and transparency of the climate action CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: NDC M&E Framework systematically collects, validates, and makes accessible sex disaggregated data MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: • Annual NDC/LTS4CN reports available for 20211/2022/2023 • BTR1 submitted to UNFCCC in 2024 • No Carbon Registry TARGETS: -Annual NDC/LTS4CN tracking update and report is developed and validated by CC-TWG members -Timely submission of the BTR reports to UNFCCC -Establishment of a carbon reporting tools/registry MRV: -NDC online tracking tool, accessible to LMs and managed by MoE - Carbon registry system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 19. Document evidence-based data on climate change to support decision making and planning process - Ensure the maintenance and regular updating of a user-friendly digital platform for storing and sharing documents and data, building on the existing NCSD Data Portal that already includes Vulnerability Index, air quality data, CEMIS, and other key datasets - Facilitate the collection and integration into the same digital platform of project findings, reports, and case study from other LMs, DPs, NGOs, CSOs and academia - Enhance cooperation with academic institutions on technical or scientific research on climate change. CO-BENEFITS: - Increase access to climate change data and general understanding of climate change basics and implication in the Cambodian context. - Improve quality of proposal development related to climate change CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: data disaggregated by gender, age, vulnerable group affiliation in the design and implementation on a climate change indexes and research projects MOE (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 1 data portal on the NCSD website TARGETS: -12 publications per year related to technical and scientific climate change -3,000 visitors/year accessing the data portal, with data disaggregated by sex, age and type of audiences MRV: - List of publications - Number of users accessing the data portal TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: GIS Digital platform |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 20. Strengthen subnational capacity to assess, manage, and respond to climate change and disaster risks in their local areas and enhanced climate change coordination mechanism and other coordination mechanisms -Pertains to enhancing the capacity of sub-national administration to access climate data and vulnerable assessment in their development plans and investment programmes. -Involve preparing/updating Climate Change and Disaster Strategy and Action Plan for sub-national levels including vertical and horizontal coordination for climate change and other coordination mechanisms. -Improve capacity of women in leadership positions on climate change at Capital/Province (CP) and District/Municipality/Khan (DMK) levels. -Involves enhancing national and sub-national systems (database) to monitor and track climate change projects in targeted areas. CO-BENEFITS: -Improving climate database and knowledge sharing - Strengthening policy for local governance CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Research and MRV for climate change NCDD (lead) with MOE, MOWRAM, NCDM, AND MOWA BASELINE INDICATOR: 1.(2025) 0 SNA carrying vulnerable assessment and/or using climate data to integrate climate and disaster risks into their development plans. 2: Under the framework of National Programme for Sub-National Democratic Development Phase II (NP2), Subnational climate change strategy was developed 3: Lack of capacity of women in leadership positions related to climate change at CP and DMK (In 2023, 33% of women are in the leadership positions at provincial and capital level. 21% of women are in the leadership positions at D/M/K levels) 4.SNA Project Implement Database (PID) has limited GEDSI data TARGETS: 1. Number of development plans and investment programmes of subnational strengthened by using climate data and assessments 2. Sub-national climate change strategy is updated with concrete actions plans to achieve climate change results under the NP2 which includes vertical and horizontal coordination for climate change and other coordination mechanisms. 3. By 2030, 50% of women in leadership positions with capacity on climate change at CP, and DMK (based on MoWA/NCDDS target: by 2028, 36% of women in leadership positions at provincial and capital level and 28% at DMK). 4. SNA PID user manual and the SNA PID system are updated to track climate finance, target area, include GEDSI indicators MRV: NCDDS annual report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Software programme for climate data analysis and interpretation |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 21. Develop an inclusive climate financing policy framework, supported by tools and coordination mechanisms, to mobilize and track climate expenditures, funds and revenues. Further explore opportunities in climate finance and carbon markets The measure aims to strengthen its climate finance system by developing an inclusive policy framework and tools to mobilize and track climate-related funds, expenditures, and revenues. This includes establishing sub-national climate funds mechanisms, expanding access to green finance, integrating GESI, and building capacity at all levels. It will also develop the NDC 3.0 financing strategy, explore carbon markets and pricing mechanisms, improve public finance linked to NDC 3.0. These efforts will support effective implementation of climate actions and long-term resilience. CO-BENEFITS: - Acceleration of private sector investments - Creation of green jobs - Economic Growth CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Include gender action plans into climate finance proposals - Disburse gender responsive climate finance - Include GESI provisions in climate finance policies - Provide gender inclusive capacity building activities to national and subnational actors PS: - GCF finance available: at least 10 medium to large scale projects financed. - At least 100 smaller green finance loans provided. - 10 green bonds created by 2030. MEF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: - No carbon registry - Carbon Credit Secretariat at the MoE - Annual CPER - Basics for carbon market opportunities - Operational Manual for Article 6 - Two Green Bonds approved through Cambodia Sustainable Bond Accelerator (CSBA) TARGETS: - Develop and adopt the NDC 3.0 financing strategy 2026, in collaboration with MoE - Issue comprehensive guidelines on climate aligned investment and public finance, linked to the Public Financial Management Reform (PFM) and the NDC 3.0 implementation - Design and operationalize a tracking tool on climate-related expenditures and revenues across sectors and levels of government, and capturing contributions from key stakeholders, including the private sector and DPs - Explore and establish carbon pricing instruments, including carbon tax collection mechanisms -Establish sub-national climate investment fund mechanisms to mobilize climate finance from diverse sources - Deliver capacity building programs on climate fund mobilization, management, and reporting to national and subnational officials, disaggregating the participation by gender and age MRV: -Annual report - National carbon registry framework TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 22. Strengthen climate change mainstreaming in the development plans, including M&E, and in the public investment program, at the national/capital/ provincial levels This measure aims to further mainstream climate change considerations in the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP), sectoral plans and sub-national plans, taking into account GESI. It includes updating existing guidelines for the formulation of the NSDP and sub-national plans, as well as the organisation of capacity-building programmes. The three-year rolling Public Investment Program (PIP) with climate-related projects will be developed annually at national and provincial levels. Guidelines and training sessions support its preparation. By 2030, an online platform will provide public access to updated climate investment trends, expenditures, and funding opportunities. CO-BENEFITS: - Green jobs - Economic growth - Resilient livelihoods - Sustainable environment CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: All actions and strategies to address climate change include GESI components. These measures are integrated both at national and subnational levels to ensure climate responses are inclusive, equitable, and benefit all members of society, especially vulnerable groups. MOP (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: - CC integrated in the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) and key sectoral development plans - CC is tagged in the formulation of projects in 3-year Public Investment Program (PIP) at national and subnational level TARGETS: 1.1 CC fully integrated in NSDP, sectoral and SNA development plans 1.2 Updated guidelines for NSDP and development plans at SNA level formulation, incl. CC and GEDSI 1.3. Capacity building on development planning, incl. CC and GEDSI 1.4 Prepare the Voluntary National Review (VNR) 2026 with the report of CC status in Cambodia 2.1 Annual development of national/ capital/ provincial 3-year rolling PIP, including CC-related projects 2.2 Development of guidelines and capacity building session for the preparation of 3-year PIP at national and subnational level 2.3 By 2030, online climate investment and funding information available to public and updated annually, including the trend of climate expenditure and potential funding information. MRV: MoP Publications and reports Annual Progress Report/Voluntary National Review of the implementation of NSDP/CSDGs TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: National/ Capital/ Provincial Public Investment Program Public Investment Program Database |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 23. Strengthen digital data governance and reporting mechanism to in line with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) reporting requirement (Agriculture) Enhance national capacity for data governance, coordination, and reporting to ensure compliance with the ETF under the Paris Agreement. This includes developing institutional arrangements, establishing data-sharing protocols, improving sectoral data quality and accessibility, and aligning GHG inventory and adaptation tracking systems with ETF requirements. Strengthened mechanisms will enable transparent, timely, and accurate reporting of progress toward Cambodia's NDC targets and other climate commitments. CO-BENEFITS:- Strengthens coordination and accountability across government institutions, supporting data-driven policy and budget planning, and prioritization of vulnerable sectors/regions - Enables better documentation and justification for international climate finance CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Digital systems can integrate gender disaggregated and socially inclusive data, ensuring that climate actions reflect and address the needs of women, youth, Indigenous Peoples, and vulnerable groups. MAFF (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Baseline (2025): 30 national staff from agriculture subsector trained on ETF reporting requirement TARGETS: data archiving system operationalized across key sectors for enhancing ETF reporting requirement (2035) - 500 of national and subnational staff trained on ETF-aligned reporting and data governance MRV: MAFF annual report and NDC tracking system TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: National Platforms (e.g., Cambodia Climate Change Data Portal, NIS systems) can be upgraded to integrate ETFcompatible data modules. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 24. Increase the proportion and capacity of women in government leadership and decision-making roles relevant to all NDC priority sectors. This measure aims to increase women's representation and capacity within governmental institutions responsible for NDC sectoral policy, planning, and implementation. It aligns with Cambodia's Pentagonal Strategy Phase 1 on promoting women's participation in leadership. CO-BENEFITS: N/A CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: SEE BASELINE AND TARGET COLUMNS MOWA (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Baseline -Average for all NDC 3.0 ministries: 27% (2023-2024, MCS) -Capital and province: 27.5% (2023-2024, NCDD) -District: 23.5% (2024, NCDD) TARGETS: % of women in senior and mid-level management positions (combined average) by ministry and sub-national level administration of all NDC 3.0 ministries. (2028) - Average for all NDC 3.0 ministries: 31% - Capital/Province: 32% - District: 32% MRV: Data sources: All line ministries in the NDC and with collaboration with NCDD for subnational levels; MCS at the national level. Reporting: NDC portal TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 25. Strengthen sectoral capacity on the nexus between gender and climate change and institutional coordination between sectoral GMAGs and CC-TWGs, as well as between MoWA and MoE for the implementation and monitoring of gender-responsive climate actions This measure aims to build capacity and improve joint collaboration among gender and climate change coordination bodies such as GMAGs, CC-TWGs, the MoWA and the MoE to ensure that agreed gender mainstreaming actions and key performance indicators are systematically integrated throughout the implementation of NDC 3.0. CO-BENEFITS: N/A CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: SEE BASELINE AND TARGET COLUMNS MOWA (lead) WITH MOE BASELINE INDICATOR: Baseline: 5 (2025); Baseline: 0 (2025) TARGETS: Number of GMAGs and CCWTGs trained on the nexus between gender equality and climate change Target: 15 (2035) - Number of gender mainstreaming actions and gender equality and social inclusion KPIs in NDC 3.0 that are adopted in GMAPs with means of implementation. Target: 25 (2035) MRV: -MOWA, MoE, NDCC, and all LMs in the NDC sectors at the national and subnational levels. MOWA training reports and administrative data. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Training modules. Templates and guidelines for integrate NDC gender KPIs in the ministries' GMAPs. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 26. Enhance the integration of systematic Gender Analysis into Climate Vulnerability Assessments and sectoral planning. Climate change impacts men and women differently. Conducting gender analysis as part of climate vulnerability assessments to promote climate actions that address specific needs will result in more equitable outcomes. This is in line with government policies including Neary Rattanak VI for 2024-2028. MOWA (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Baseline: 0 (2025) TARGETS: % of climate vulnerability assesments conducted gender analysis, with findings informing gender-responsive climate action MRV: -All LMs in the NDC sectors in collaboration with MoWA - NDC Portal CO-BENEFITS: N/A CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: SEE BASELINE AND TARGET COLUMNS TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Templates and guidelines for integrating gender analysis in vulnerability assessments |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Governance: 27. Scale-up the integration of gender considerations in climate-related policies in all NDC sectors, with special focus on the transition to green economy. Review all climate-related policies to ensure gender integration in climate plans, programs and projects relating to the promotion of green practices and clean technology. CO-BENEFITS: N/A CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: SEE BASELINE AND TARGETS MOWA (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Baseline: 0 (2025) TARGETS: Number of CC policies enhanced with gender equality and social inclusion considerations in the transition to green economy. Target 10 (2035). MRV: -All LMs in the NDC sectors in the green economy. -NDC Portal TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Global knowledge products and tools for integrating GESI in CC and green economies policies. |
Economic security
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 31. Strengthen technical guidance for climate sensitive diseases, injuries, and conditions, such as: vector/water-borne diseases, drowning/heat stress, snake bites, malnutrition, respiratory illness, etc. (Human health and WASH) Develop technical guidelines and protocols for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of climate sensitive diseases and injury such as: vector/water-borne diseases, drowning/heat stress, snake bites, respiratory illness, malnutrition, etc (PMD, MCH, CNM) CO-BENEFITS: -Improved Economic Opportunities for a healthier population -Strengthen preparedness -Health workers better equipped to address CC related health prevention and treatment will build trust and result in a healthier more resilient community CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI & PS: Technical guidelines and protocols will address gender equality, social inclusion, youth engagement, and potentially private sector, where applicable MOH (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: Number of technical guidelines/protocols developed TARGETS: At least 5 technical guidelines/protocols developed MRV: Annual Report of MOH - Technical guidelines/protocols developed TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: TRAINING PLATFORMS |
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Health |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 33. Develop guidelines and plans to integrate climate resilience into land use and urban planning. (Infrastructure) This involves incorporating climate resilience principles and criteria into land use and urban planning frameworks to ensure that future development is sustainable, adaptive, and capable of withstanding climate-related risks. This includes the development of the guidelines for climate-resilience, including vulnerability assessment for land use and urban planning, and the development of an urban adaptation plan, that includes city heat action plan. CO-BENEFITS: -Contribute to building community capacity to cope with climate-related disasters. - Strengthen the climate resilience in land use and urban planning to ensure that future development is sustainable, adaptive, and capable of withstanding climate related risks. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: Number of women and men, women's groups and/or gender equality CSOs consulted, in the integration of climate resilience and vulnerability assessments in the Commune Land Use Plans. Baseline: TBD (2025); Target: 3,000 of which 33% are women (2035) MLMUPC (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 TARGETS: - Guidelines for climate resilience integration into land use and urban planning developed (2028) - 5 urban cities conduct vulnerability assessment (2030) - Urban Adaptation Plan document (including a City Heat Action Plan) will be prepared, and its piloting within at least five urban cities started. (2030) - 50% of Commune Land Use Planning (CLUP) and District Land Use Planning (DLUP) will be developed with a climate resilient lens. (2035) MRV: ANNUAL REPORT TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: N/A |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Land use and forestry |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 35. Strengthen the capacities of social workers, caregivers, and local communities to support victims and vulnerable groups in climate risk and disaster preparedness (Social services) Equipping social workers, caregivers and local communities with skills and materials to support the climate-preparedness of vulnerable populations through awareness programs and disaster preparedness training and including the caseworks on disasters of climate change in the Integration Case Management System. CO-BENEFITS: - Health Improvement - Youth and recent graduates in social work and related fields gain job opportunities through volunteer-based programs that build professional skills and support community engagement CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: The indicators in this measure will be disaggregated by age, sex, dis/ability, ethnicity of social workers and participants of marginalized people leading and/ or meaningfully participating in capacity building and community-led climate awareness and readiness events MOSVY (lead) WITH MOH, MOI, NCDM BASELINE INDICATOR: BASELINE:0 TARGETS: - 3 standardized guidelines or tools for social workers' capacity building programs on climate resilience, disaster risk reduction and emergency response intervention - 5,000 social workers and caregivers trained on climate resilience, disaster risk reduction and emergency response intervention, disaggregated by sex - 70% (of 21,200) social workers become agents for climate change and environmental issues, disaggregated by sex - 50 Events for increasing participation and awareness of climate risk preparedness facilitated by social workers, and 2,500 Participants MRV: Admin. Report and ICMS Effectiveness relevant to climate resilience will be scored by the independent supervision team from MoSVY every trimester Through supervision program and client interview. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS COSTING U (UNCONDITIONAL) ,C (CONDITIONAL) ,U/C (BOTH): C |
Unpaid care work
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 36. Strengthen and integrate child and youth protection and climate change adaptation, including child and youth sensitive and gender responsive interventions, disaster risk reduction and emergency response into MoSVY's relevant plans and policies. (Child protection) 1. Build awareness among NCDM and CC-TWG on child rights and protection in climate adaptation and disaster response. 2. Update the child protection Emergency Contingency Plan (20252026). 3. Integrate child protection climate actions into MoSVY and child protection strategic plans. 4. Include and implement child protection climate change adaptation actions and ensure child rights are reflected in climate-related M&E frameworks. 5. Produce data analysis or policy briefs on child rights and protection in climate contexts. 6. Strengthen MoSVY's institutional capacity (mitigation, adaptation, enabling, policy, planning and finance) through training, advocacy and planning. 7. Promote meaningful participation of children and youth in climate and disaster risk reduction strategies. CO-BENEFITS: - Reduces climate-related physical and psychological risks to children. - Strengthens institutional coordination and accountability through integration of CP into national climate and disaster frameworks. - Increases preparedness by equipping social service actors and policymakers with child sensitive tools. - Promotes data-informed decision-making and adaptive programming. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Promotes child-sensitive, gender-responsive planning and inclusion of marginalised children in national climate and DRR policies. - Encourages youth participation in awareness-raising and policy dialogue on child rights and climate change. MOSVY (lead) WITH NCDM, CC-TWG BASELINE INDICATOR: baseline:0 TARGETS: - 150 MOSVY officials, members of NCDM, and CC-TWG trained on child rights, child protection and environment and climate change - 3 (1 Updated emergency contingency plan, 1 MOSVY strategic plan, 1 CP strategic plan) developed and endorsed with incorporation of child protection-climate change adaptation - Child rights and child protection results are included in M&E framework and assessed) MRV: MOSVY Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Primero case management system |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 37. Strengthen religious leaders' capacity especially Buddhist monks to prevent and respond to children and youth protection issues, violence and abuse against children and youth caused by impacts of natural disasters and various risks related to climate change (Child protection) 1. Develop a national strategic plan (20252030) for environmental and climate education in cults and religion sectors. 2. Develop education materials on child protection, and prevention and response to violence during climate disasters for Buddhism and other religions. 3. Provide capacity building on environment, climate change, and child protection for monks and religious leaders at all levels. 4. Disseminate information on environment, climate change, child protection, and violence prevention in pagodas, religious institutions, schools, and communities. 5. Integrate action plans on environment, climate change, child protection, and disaster risk into royal decrees and interfaith dialogue resolutions. 6. Include these topics in training, workshops, and meetings for religious leaders. 7. Use spiritual and intergenerational dialogue tools to engage children and elders on culture-rooted climate solutions. 8. Encourage monks and leaders to support climate messaging for children and youth through local, accessible practices. 9. Promote standards for climate-resilient construction focused on child protection during disasters. 10. Issue guidelines for pagodas to promote renewable energy and implement climate resilient, gender-sensitive, and inclusive infrastructure standards. CO-BENEFITS: - Strengthens institutional leadership by embedding child protection and climate resilience into religious policies and structures. - Enhances preparedness and response through trained monks and faith leaders in disaster-prone communities. - Expands child protection messaging through trusted religious networks and public platforms. - Strengthening gender responsive approaches within religious settings enhances protective support during climate related emergencies. CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Promotes gender sensitive and disability inclusive religious spaces and messaging through national guidance and faith based leadership. - Encourages youth participation in community outreach and interfaith education on child protection and climate resilience. MOCR (lead) WITH SUPREME PATRIARCHS OF THE TWO DISTINCT BRANCHES, MOI, SNA BASELINE INDICATOR: 0 (2025) 1,231 out of 70,905 monks (2024) 81,342 (2024) TARGETS: - 3 (1 strategic plan, 1 guideline, 1 SOP) on environmental and CC education in the cults and religion sector, promoting the use of renewable energy and the standard for environmental and climate-resilient infrastructure designs for religious building - 12,310 monks and other religious leaders trained on environment and CC with focus on child protection, prevention, and response to violence and abuse against children during natural disasters and CC-related risks - 181,342 children, parents, communities and religious followers reached through awareness raising and campaigns conducted by of religious leaders MRV: MoCR Report TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Application of social behavior science, and technological platforms |
Gender-based violence
|
Cross-cutting | Disasters |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 38. Strengthen air quality regulatory enforcement: operationalize air quality management sub-decree and emission standard (Air quality) This measure aims to accelerate the adoption of a key air quality regulation, such as the draft sub-decree on Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration Control, through improved institutional coordination. It includes development of technical guidelines, in collaboration with other LMs, the enforcement of other key strategies, such as the Clean Air Plan of Cambodia and the Environmental Code, among others, through compliance monitoring, and legal action mechanisms. CO-BENEFITS: -Stronger governance, reduced public health costs, increased trust in institutions and compliance by PS. -Build institutional resilience by strengthening environmental governance and legal enforcement. Reduces exposure of vulnerable populations to climate sensitive health impacts from air pollution -Promote soil quality and biodiversity -Promote one health CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: 20% of women's participation in the policy and regulations development and implementation MOE (lead) WITH MISTI, MPWT, MLMUPC, MAFF BASELINE INDICATOR: By 2025, sub-decree on Air Pollution, Noise, and Vibration Control drafted by MoE TARGETS: -By 2026: Sub-Decree approved -By 2035: At least 80% of industrial sites, 100% of vehicle fleet, and 50% of agricultural areas are compliant with the emissions standards. -Enhanced collaboration with MPWT and MoC in the joint preparation of technical guidelines on vehicle emission standards and fuel quality -By 2030, include Black Carbon in the policy development and modelling MRV: Annual reports and inspection reports. TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: AVAILABLE |
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cambodia | Enabling measures - (Table 9/Annex 1) - Policy, planning and capacity building: 39. Supporting the development of thermal comfort regulation for working environments & related OSH strengthening This measure includes the following actions: - Develop thermal comfort regulation for indoor & outdoor working environments (including thermal comfort indicators for place assessment & progress monitoring, definition of several levels of thermal comfort health & safety) - Develop case studies in collaboration with other relevant ministries and research academy on best practices in combating heat stress (heat tolerant clothing, cooled drinking water, ventilation, drawing on national and international experiences for both indoor and outdoor workers) CO-BENEFITS: Support private sector companies - Sustainability reporting / ESG performance - Facilitate Export to international markets, where OSH & ESG compliance is required (Europe, Australia, NZ, etc.) CROSSCUTTING TOPICS: GESI: - Ensuring thermal comfort standards are applied equitably to protect women's health - Protect all workers, including low-income, informal, and marginalized groups, - Youth awareness raising and training on occupational safety and climate resilience, research participation PS: Compliance consultations and joint monitoring with workplace committees in the development and implementation of thermal comfort standards MLVT (lead) BASELINE INDICATOR: - Prakas on thermal comfort and draft OSH regulation - ITC research on HS on garment, education and construction sector (CCCA3) TARGETS: - Assessment study to select most relevant thermal comfort indicators for working environments, and pilots to measure HS in at least 3 in indoor and 2 outdoor workplaces (2026) - Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) index used to measure HS reduction performance, and levels of thermal comfort and work rates/loads are integrated in OSH regulations for indoor working places (2027) - Several levels of thermal comfort are integrated in OSH regulations. (2030) - Comprehensive policy and OSH is developed, implemented & enforced. (2035) MRV: ANNUAL REPORT TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY: Technology available in Cambodia. Some local studies on Heat Stress already conducted (ITC University, MoE ..) |
Health
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Canada | Annex 1. Further information necessary for clarity, transparency, and understanding (ICTU) of Canada's NDC: 6. How the Party considers its NDC is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances: b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity (...) The Government of Canada has been committed to using gender-based analysis (GBA), and more recently GBA Plus, in the development of policies, programs and legislation since 1995. GBA Plus is an analytical tool to equip federal officials with the means to attain better results for Canadians by being more responsive to specific needs and ensuring that government policies and programs are inclusive, equitable and barrier-free. (...) In setting the 2035 target, the Government of Canada undertook a GBA Plus assessment on the impacts of various levels of climate ambition on diverse groups of people, including Indigenous Peoples, women, youth and future generations, 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals, racialized Canadians, new immigrants, people with disabilities, low-income households, seniors, and those living in rural and remote communities. The assessment found that the pace and scale of the transition will have varying impacts on different groups and sectors in Canada. In general, more ambitious climate action will benefit those who are disproportionally impacted by climate change, including low-income people, seniors, people with disabilities, and Indigenous Peoples, as well as youth and future generations, by alleviating the negative impacts of climate change. (...) The Government of Canada will conduct additional GBA Plus analysis for climate plans, policy and programs moving forward, to maximize positive benefits for those most impacted by the negative effects of climate change, including low-income Canadians, women, racialized Canadians, persons with disabilities, Indigenous communities and people living in rural and remote communities. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Canada | Annex 1. Further information necessary for clarity, transparency, and understanding (ICTU) of Canada's NDC: 6. How the Party considers its NDC is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances: b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity (...) As part of the 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan, Canada reiterated its commitment to develop legislation to enable a just transition that supports workers and communities as the shift to a low-carbon future advances. In 2024, Canada passed the Canadian Sustainable Jobs Act, which ensures accountability, transparency, and engagement to support the creation of sustainable jobs for workers and economic growth in a net-zero economy. A just and inclusive transition to sustainable jobs is an opportunity to advance equity, inclusion, and justice, by embedding these principles in policies, programs, frameworks and pathways to 2030 and beyond. The move to a low-carbon economy also represents an opportunity to address existing inequalities in the workplace, and to enhance and improve training supports for those facing barriers in the workforce, such as Indigenous Peoples, racialized people, skilled newcomers, youth, women, LGBT+ people and persons with disabilities. The Sustainable Jobs Act will foster the creation of sustainable jobs, support industries and communities in every region across Canada, and help the workforce gain the necessary skills, training, and tools to fill these new job opportunities. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Multisectoral |
| Cuba | 1.3.4. Transicion justa (...) A nivel nacional, la vision de la transicion justa de Cuba abarca la generacion de beneficios para toda la sociedad, con particular atencion a consideraciones de genero, y a la ninez y la juventud, e incluyendo el desarrollo de empleos verdes y la consideracion del enfoque de "una Salud" entre otras visiones adoptadas de manera consistente con nuestro modelo socialista de desarrollo (...) **EN: 1.3.4. Just Transition (...) At the national level, Cuba's vision of a just transition encompasses the generation of benefits for all of society, with particular attention to gender considerations, and to children and youth, including the development of green jobs and the consideration of the "One Health" approach, among other visions adopted in a manner consistent with our socialist development model (...) |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cuba | 1.3.4. Transicion justa (...) A nivel nacional, la vision de la transicion justa de Cuba abarca la generacion de beneficios para toda la sociedad, con particular atencion a consideraciones de genero, y a la ninez y la juventud, e incluyendo (...) * Reducir las brechas de desigualdades territoriales y sociales que se experimentan en el enfrentamiento al cambio climatico considerandolas en el diseno de politicas publicas y en las estrategias de adaptacion y mitigacion. * Fortalecer el conocimiento, la sensibilización, y la participación de la población ante los impactos negativos del cambio climático, que permita incrementar la resiliencia, la participación ciudadana, la equidad y la responsabilidad de la sociedad cubana, fomentando su estudio en los diferentes niveles de enseñanza. **EN: 1.3.4. Just Transition (...) At the national level, Cuba's vision of a just transition encompasses the generation of benefits for all of society, with particular attention to gender considerations, and to children and youth, and including (...) * Reduce the territorial and social inequality gaps experienced in addressing climate change by considering them in the design of public policies and in adaptation and mitigation strategies. * Strengthen knowledge, awareness, and participation of the population in the face of the negative impacts of climate change, which will increase resilience, citizen participation, equity, and responsibility in Cuban society, promoting its study at different educational levels. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Cuba | 4. 4. Contribuciones en mitigación: 4.5. Reduccion de emisiones de GEI a traves del tratamiento de residuales de la industria de la cana de azucar. Breve descripcion de la contribucion: En el marco de la revalorizacion de la industria de la cana de azucar en el contexto actual de cambio climatico y aprovechando las potencialidades de circularidad se propone la reduccion de emisiones a partir del tratamiento de residuos solidos y liquidos en esta industria. En el pais existen 11 destilerias, con emisiones de vinazas contaminantes. Los efluentes van a una laguna de oxidacion sin tratamiento anaerobio. El metano que se produce va directamente a la atmosfera. Se preve que en el periodo 2025- 2030 se preparen las condiciones para el inicio de la implementacion de un programa de tratamiento de residuales. A partir de enero del 2031 se pretende avanzar con el tratamiento de los residuales tratados hasta el 2035. AZCUBA propone reducir el 50 % del potencial de emision de biometano, con el tratamiento anaerobico del residual existente en el ano base generada por 11 destilerias, con emisiones de vinazas contaminantes, que no tienen tratamiento para el destino final de esos desechos. (...) 8. Cobeneficios: Los cobeneficios principales identificados son: Produccion de biofertilizantes, mejoramientos de suelos, incrementos de fuentes de empleo en el ambito rural, uso domestico del biogas, mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y las familias y la mujer rural. **EN: 4. Contributions to mitigation: 4.5. Reducing GHG emissions through the treatment of sugarcane industry waste. Brief description of the contribution: Within the framework of the revaluation of the sugarcane industry in the current context of climate change and taking advantage of the potential for circularity, we propose reducing emissions through the treatment of solid and liquid waste in this industry. There are 11 distilleries in the country, with emissions of polluting vinasse. The effluents go to an oxidation lagoon without anaerobic treatment. The methane produced goes directly into the atmosphere. It is expected that in the period 2025-2030, the conditions will be prepared for the start of implementation of a waste treatment program. Starting in January 2031, the plan is to advance the treatment of treated waste by 2035. AZCUBA proposes reducing the potential biomethane emissions by 50% through anaerobic treatment of the existing waste generated in the base year by 11 distilleries, which produce polluting vinasse emissions and are not treated for final disposal. (...) 8. Co-benefits: The main co-benefits identified are: biofertilizer production, soil improvements, increased sources of employment in rural areas, domestic use of biogas, and improved living conditions for rural families and women. |
Economic security
Unpaid care work
|
Mitigation | Industry |
| Ecuador | 4. Componente de Mitigación: 4.1 Descripción del Enfoque Adoptado. (...) La Segunda NDC también contribuye a la implementación del Plan Nacional de Mitigación que no solo persigue la reducción de emisiones, sino que busca reducir la pobreza, disminuir la inequidad y avanzar hacia un desarrollo sostenible en armonía con la naturaleza. Se promueve un modelo de desarrollo competitivo, inclusivo, resiliente y bajo en carbono, en consonancia con los derechos de la naturaleza consagrados en la Constitución. **EN: 4. Mitigation Component: 4.1 Description of the Approach Adopted. (...) The Second NDC also contributes to the implementation of the National Mitigation Plan, which not only seeks to reduce emissions but also seeks to reduce poverty, reduce inequality, and advance toward sustainable development in harmony with nature. It promotes a competitive, inclusive, resilient, and low-carbon development model, in line with the rights of nature enshrined in the Constitution. **The mitigation plan has a social and gender strategy that includes five strategic pillars and seven lines of action targeting women's inclusion. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Mitigation | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 5. Componente de Adaptación – Segunda Comunicación de Adaptación del Ecuador: 5.5 La aplicación de medidas y planes de adaptación, en particular: 5.5.1 Los procesos y resultados obtenidos Un hito en la gestión de la adaptación del cambio climático en Ecuador es la oficialización del Plan Nacional de Adaptación 2023-2027 como un instrumento que orienta y facilita la gestión de la adaptación en el país desde una perspectiva sectorial priorizada en la ENCC (Asentamientos Humanos; Patrimonio Hídrico; Patrimonio Natural; Salud; Sectores Productivos y Estratégicos; y, Soberanía Alimentaria, Agricultura, Ganadería, Acuacultura y Pesca) incluyendo los enfoques transversales. Este primer Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático del Ecuador es un instrumento de política pública que orienta y facilita la gestión de la adaptación en el país desde una perspectiva sectorial y territorial a nivel nacional. Sus objetivos específicos son: * Promover el acceso y uso de la información climática y oceánica histórica y futura. * Facilitar y fomentar la identificación de impactos actuales y futuros del cambio climático mediante análisis de riesgo climático que consideren la utilización de modelos de impacto biofísico. * Orientar la implementación de medidas de adaptación que reduzcan el riesgo climático, fomentando el enfoque de género. * Guiar la incorporación de la adaptación al cambio climático en la planificación del desarrollo y en los presupuestos institucionales a nivel sectorial y local. **EN: 5.5.1 Processes and results achieved A milestone in climate change adaptation management in Ecuador is the officialization of the 2023-2027 National Adaptation Plan as an instrument that guides and facilitates adaptation management in the country from a sectoral perspective prioritized in the National Climate Change Framework (ENCC) (Human Settlements; Water Heritage; Natural Heritage; Health; Productive and Strategic Sectors; and Food Sovereignty, Agriculture, Livestock, Aquaculture, and Fisheries), including cross-cutting approaches. This first National Climate Change Adaptation Plan in Ecuador is a public policy instrument that guides and facilitates adaptation management in the country from a sectoral and territorial perspective at the national level. Its specific objectives are: * Promote access to and use of historical and future climate and ocean information. * Facilitate and encourage the identification of current and future climate change impacts through climate risk analyses that consider the use of biophysical impact models. * Guide the implementation of adaptation measures that reduce climate risk, promoting a gender perspective. * Guide the incorporation of climate change adaptation into development planning and institutional budgets at the sectoral and local levels. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 8. Ejes transversales: género, intergeneracionalidad e interculturalidad: 8.1 Abordaje de los enfoques de género, intergeneracionalidad e interculturalidad en la Segunda NDC (...) Las Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional en el Ecuador y sus procesos de formulación han resaltado acciones para transversalizar el enfoque de género como un compromiso demostrado por el Estado en la Primera NDC y su implementación. Este proceso ha dejado aprendizajes relevantes para el avance del país en la materia y con base en esta experiencia anterior, la Segunda NDC ha fortalecido los alcances de este enfoque en una participación efectiva de mujeres en espacios de territorialización, buscando también la paridad de género, la accesibilidad a los beneficios de las iniciativas de adaptación y mitigación y la garantía de que el lenguaje en este instrumento es inclusivo y respetuoso con las identidades de género. **EN: 8. Cross-cutting themes: gender, intergenerationality, and interculturality: 8.1 Addressing gender, intergenerationality, and interculturality in the Second NDC (...) Ecuador's Nationally Determined Contributions and their formulation processes have highlighted actions to mainstream the gender approach, a commitment demonstrated by the State in the First NDC and its implementation. This process has yielded relevant lessons for the country's progress in this area. Based on this previous experience, the Second NDC has strengthened the scope of this approach through the effective participation of women in territorialization spaces, also seeking gender parity, accessibility to the benefits of adaptation and mitigation initiatives, and ensuring that the language in this instrument is inclusive and respectful of gender identities. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 8. Ejes transversales: género, intergeneracionalidad e interculturalidad: 8.1 Abordaje de los enfoques de género, intergeneracionalidad e interculturalidad en la Segunda NDC (...) Desde las NDC se busca no solo contribuir a disminuir los gases de efecto invernadero y crear resiliencia en la población, sino a que las mujeres sean igualmente beneficiadas que los hombres por las acciones e iniciativas sobre cambio climático, que adquieran más poder de decisión y control sobre los recursos naturales, económicos y culturales y que desarrollen más capacidades de resiliencia y adaptación frente a los impactos y riesgos del cambio climático. **EN: 8. Cross-cutting themes: gender, intergenerationality, and interculturality: 8.1 Addressing gender, intergenerationality, and interculturality in the Second NDC (...) The NDCs seek not only to contribute to reducing greenhouse gases and building resilience in the population, but also to ensure that women benefit equally as much as men from climate change actions and initiatives, gain greater decision-making power and control over natural, economic, and cultural resources, and develop greater resilience and adaptation capacities to the impacts and risks of climate change. |
Economic security
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 9. Información de cómo considera la Parte que su Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional es justa y ambiciosa a la luz de las circunstancias nacionales: 9.2 Consideraciones de Equidad, incluida una reflexión sobre la equidad (...) Ecuador reconoce que la equidad es un principio fundamental en la lucha contra el cambio climático. Por lo tanto, busca garantizar que los beneficios de las acciones climáticas se distribuyan de manera justa y equitativa, priorizando a los grupos más vulnerables. Se ha trabajado de la mano con los pueblos indígenas, las comunidades afroecuatorianas y las mujeres rurales como grupos particularmente vulnerables a los impactos del cambio climático. Por ello, el país ha desarrollado líneas de acción y medidas para fortalecer su resiliencia y promover su participación en la toma de decisiones. **EN: 9. Information on how the Party considers its Nationally Determined Contribution to be fair and ambitious in light of national circumstances: 9.2 Equity Considerations, including a reflection on equity (...) Ecuador recognizes that equity is a fundamental principle in the fight against climate change. Therefore, it seeks to ensure that the benefits of climate action are distributed fairly and equitably, prioritizing the most vulnerable groups. Ecuador has worked closely with Indigenous peoples, Afro-Ecuadorian communities, and rural women, as groups particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Therefore, the country has developed lines of action and measures to strengthen their resilience and promote their participation in decision-making. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 2. Procesos de planificación: 2.5 Medida en la que se ha basado la preparación de su contribución determinada a nivel nacional en los resultados del balance mundial (...) Así también, el país ejecuta el proyecto Pago por Resultados REDD+ Ecuador (2020-2026) que busca contribuir a la implementación del PA REDD+ a través de acciones que promueven la transversalización del enfoque de derechos, interculturalidad y género, además de cumplir con los lineamientos establecidos en el alcance nacional de salvaguardas. (p. 43) 4. Componente de Mitigación: 4.4.1 Descripción general de la meta (...) Las líneas de acción de la Segunda NDC para el sector USCUSS fueron construidas tomando como base el Plan de Acción REDD+ “Bosques para el Buen Vivir” (2016-2025), que es una PolíticaNacional para contribuir a la mitigación del cambio climático en el sector forestal, a través de la reducción de la deforestación y degradación de los bosques mediante la conservación, manejo forestal sostenible y la optimización de otros usos de suelo para reducir la presión sobre los bosques, aportando de esta forma a la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas. Gracias a esta estrategia, el país se ha consolidado como líder en REDD+ con un enfoque nacional que contempla la implementación de medidas y acciones REDD+ dentro y fuera de bosques, transitando exitosamente por sus tres fases y logrando acceder a fondos de cooperación no reembolsable del Fondo Verde del Clima (GCF), Fondo Mundial para el Medio Ambiente (GEF), además, de Pagos por Resultados REDD+ bajo mecanismos financieros de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) y otros. En este contexto, Ecuador considera al Plan de Acción REDD+ como una política nacional principal para contribuir a las metas nacionales de reducción de emisiones en el sector USCUSS, desde una visión multisectorial y a través de un trabajo mancomunado con Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados, Pueblos y Nacionalidades Indígenas, Comunidades Locales, sector privado, financiero y otros representantes de la sociedad civil. Por ello, se ha previsto un proceso participativo de actualización del Plan en 2025. Una vez finalizado y oficializado, sus metas serán incorporadas en la Segunda NDC a través de los mecanismos establecidos por la Autoridad Ambiental Nacional. (pgs. 56-57) **EN: 2. Planning processes: 2.5 Extent to which the preparation of its nationally determined contribution has been based on the results of the global stocktake (...) Likewise, the country is implementing the Payment for Results REDD+ Ecuador project (2020-2026), which seeks to contribute to the implementation of the REDD+ AP through actions that promote the mainstreaming of the rights-based, intercultural, and gender approach, in addition to complying with the guidelines established in the national scope of safeguards. (p. 43) 4. Mitigation Component: 4.4.1 General description of the goal (...) The lines of action of the Second NDC for the USCUSS sector were built on the REDD+ Action Plan "Forests for Good Living" (2016-2025), which is a National Policy to contribute to climate change mitigation in the forestry sector by reducing deforestation and forest degradation through conservation, sustainable forest management, and the optimization of other land uses to reduce pressure on forests, thus contributing to the reduction of associated greenhouse gas emissions. Thanks to this strategy, the country has established itself as a leader in REDD+ with a national approach that includes the implementation of REDD+ measures and actions inside and outside forests, successfully moving through its three phases and gaining access to non-reimbursable cooperation funds from the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), as well as REDD+ Results-Based Payments under financial mechanisms of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and others. In this context, Ecuador considers the REDD+ Action Plan a key national policy to contribute to national emission reduction goals in the USCUSS sector, from a multisectoral perspective and through joint work with Decentralized Autonomous Governments, Indigenous Peoples and Nationalities, Local Communities, the private sector, the financial sector, and other representatives of civil society. Therefore, a participatory process to update the Plan has been planned for 2025. Once finalized and formalized, its goals will be incorporated into the Second NDC through the mechanisms established by the National Environmental Authority. (pgs. 56-57) |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Ecuador | 4. Componente de Mitigación: 4.4 Alcance y cobertura: 4.4.1 Descripción general de la meta (...) Con miras a incrementar la ambición climática y reducir las brechas de grupos vulnerables, se incentiva que las líneas de acción incorporen de manera transversal, en medida de sus capacidades, los enfoques de género, intergeneracionalidad e interculturalidad. (...) (p. 57) 4.6 El modo en que las acciones de mitigación contribuyen a otros marcos y/o convenciones A manera de ejemplo, las acciones que conforman la Segunda NDC en el Sector Energía, construidas de forma participativa, impulsan el desarrollo y consumo de energía renovable, promueven la movilidad sostenible y la implementación de acciones de eficiencia energética que en conjunto contribuyen a garantizar el acceso universal a servicios energéticos asequibles, fiables y modernos (ODS 7), aumentar considerablemente el uso eficiente de los recursos hídricos en todos los sectores (ODS 6), así como sistemas de transporte sostenibles (ODS 11), utilizar recursos con mayor eficacia y promoviendo la adopción de tecnologías limpias (ODS 12), modernizar la infraestructura energética (ODS 9) y asegurar la participación plena y efectiva de mujeres y hombres (ODS 5). (pg. 68) **EN: 4. Mitigation Component: 4.4 Scope and Coverage: 4.4.1 General description of the goal (...) With a view to increasing climate ambition and reducing gaps for vulnerable groups, lines of action are encouraged to incorporate gender, intergenerational, and intercultural approaches in a cross-cutting manner, to the extent of their capabilities. (...) (pg. 57) 4.6 How mitigation actions contribute to other frameworks and/or conventions For example, the actions that comprise the Second NDC in the Energy Sector, constructed in a participatory manner, promote the development and consumption of renewable energy, promote sustainable mobility, and the implementation of energy efficiency actions that together contribute to ensuring universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services (SDG 7), significantly increasing the efficient use of water resources across all sectors (SDG 6), as well as sustainable transportation systems (SDG 11), using resources more efficiently and promoting the adoption of clean technologies (SDG 12), modernizing energy infrastructure (SDG 9), and ensuring the full and effective participation of women and men (SDG 5). (pg. 68) **The lines of action refer specifically to the following sectors: energy, industrial processes, land use, land use change and forestry, and waste. See Tables 2 and 3 (pgs. 55 - 56). |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Mitigation | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 5. Componente de Adaptación – Segunda Comunicación de Adaptación del Ecuador: 5.3 Prioridades, estrategias, políticas, planes, objetivo y medidas nacionales de adaptación Desde la perspectiva de adaptación, el objetivo específico que se persigue con la Segunda NDC de Ecuador es contribuir, a escala nacional y subnacional, con los esfuerzos globales de incrementar la capacidad de adaptación, promover la resiliencia al clima y reducir el riesgo ante los efectos adversos del cambio climático, en un contexto de equidad, desarrollo sostenible y erradicación de la pobreza, respetando el principio de responsabilidades comunes pero diferenciadas, y en concordancia con las capacidades del país. La Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional será progresiva y se implementará mediante un enfoque participativo y transparente, basado en la realidad nacional y tomando en cuenta aspectos como: * La necesidad de reducir las brechas de género exacerbadas por el cambio climático. * La incidencia de la adaptación sobre grupos de atención prioritaria. * La necesidad de construir políticas, normativas, acuerdos ministeriales y documentos que promuevan la conservación y recuperación de los recursos naturales. * La necesidad de información científica con suficiente rigor. * La consideración de conocimientos tradicionales/ancestrales de actores locales. (pgs. 83-84) (...) Con miras a incrementar la ambición climática y reducir las brechas de grupos vulnerables, se incentiva que las medidas de adaptación incorporen de manera transversal, en función de sus capacidades, los enfoques de género, intergeneracionalidad e interculturalidad. (p.87) **EN: 5. Adaptation Component – Ecuador's Second Adaptation Communication: 5.3 National adaptation priorities, strategies, policies, plans, objectives, and measures From an adaptation perspective, the specific objective pursued by Ecuador's Second NDC is to contribute, at the national and subnational levels, to global efforts to increase adaptive capacity, promote climate resilience, and reduce the risk of the adverse effects of climate change, within a context of equity, sustainable development, and poverty eradication, respecting the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and in accordance with the country's capabilities. The Nationally Determined Contribution will be progressive and will be implemented through a participatory and transparent approach, based on the national reality and taking into account aspects such as: * The need to reduce gender gaps exacerbated by climate change. * The impact of adaptation on priority groups. * The need to develop policies, regulations, ministerial agreements, and documents that promote the conservation and recovery of natural resources. * The need for scientific information with sufficient rigor. * Consideration of the traditional/ancestral knowledge of local actors. (pp. 83-84) (...) With a view to increasing climate ambition and reducing gaps for vulnerable groups, adaptation measures are encouraged to incorporate gender, intergenerational, and intercultural approaches across the board, based on their capacities. (p. 87) |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Ecuador | 5. Componente de Adaptación – Segunda Comunicación de Adaptación del Ecuador: 5.3 Prioridades, estrategias, políticas, planes, objetivo y medidas nacionales de adaptación En este sentido la Segunda NDC de Ecuador 2026-2035, alineada al Plan Nacional de Adaptación, propone las siguientes medidas con un enfoque sectorial: SALUD 1. Implementar un modelo territorial para el manejo integral de vectores que se adapta a las condiciones propias de cada lugar y a las amenazas medioambientales producidas por el cambio y la variabilidad climática, que se compone de medidas ajustadas para reducir el riesgo climático y fortalecer los procesos de adaptación tanto en la población como en el sistema para el servicio integral de salud. 1.1. Reforzar la capacidad de respuesta sanitaria ante situaciones vinculadas con la presencia de enfermedades sensibles al clima. 1.2. Promover la planificación, diseño, edificación y mantenimiento de infraestructuras sanitarias nuevas y repotenciar la infraestructura existente contemplando variables climáticas presentes y futuras para que sean resilientes al clima. 1.3. Fortalecer los sistemas de alerta temprana, que permitan la generación de estrategias de promoción, prevención, vigilancia, control y respuesta a enfermedades sensibles al clima. 1.4. Implementar estrategias de manejo integrado de vectores, considerando los escenarios de variabilidad climática. 1.5. Impulsar el mapeo de amenazas y vulnerabilidades a la salud por los efectos del cambio climático. 5. Adaptation Component – Second Adaptation Communication of Ecuador: 5.3 National adaptation priorities, strategies, policies, plans, objectives and measures In this regard, Ecuador's Second NDC 2026-2035, aligned with the National Adaptation Plan, proposes the following measures with a sectoral approach: HEALTH 1. Implement a territorial model for comprehensive vector management that adapts to the conditions of each location and the environmental threats produced by climate change and variability. This model is composed of tailored measures to reduce climate risk and strengthen adaptation processes in both the population and the comprehensive health service system. 1.1. Strengthen health response capacity to situations associated with the presence of climate-sensitive diseases. 1.2. Promote the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of new health infrastructure and upgrade existing infrastructure, considering current and future climate variables to ensure climate resilience. 1.3. Strengthen early warning systems to enable the development of strategies for promoting, preventing, monitoring, controlling, and responding to climate-sensitive diseases. 1.4. Implement integrated vector management strategies, considering climate variability scenarios. 1.5. Promote the mapping of health threats and vulnerabilities due to the effects of climate change. **According to ILO data (2024), there are more than two men for every one woman employed in the healthcare sector in Ecuador, meaning that measures aimed at improving climate preparedness in the healthcare sector will have a disproportionate impact on women's safety, wellbeing and livelihoods. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Japan | Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of nationally determined contributions: 4. Planning processes: Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Towards the achievement of a sustainable society, Japan is proactively working to incorporate gender perspectives, including gender equal participation, into concrete actions while aiming at enhanced participation of women in policy decision-making processes for responding to environmental problems, including climate change, in line with ongoing international trends. For example, Japan is promoting the participation of women in councils and other bodies. One initiative ensures that half of the members of the meeting ― a joint meeting of the Climate Change Countermeasures towards Net Zero by 2050 Subcommittee of the Global Environment Committee under the Central Environment Council and the Working Group for Consideration of Mid- and Long-term Global Warming Countermeasures of the Global Environment Subcommittee of the Committee on Innovation and Environment under the Industrial Structural Council―are women. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Kenya | The NDC Development Process (...) Cognisant that there exists gender differentiated vulnerabilities due to climate change impacts, and that men and women contribute differently to the same due to their respective gender roles, Kenya will implement the outlined adaptation and mitigation priorities in a gender responsive manner in order to promote inclusivity in climate action. To do this, Kenya will advance meaningful participation and representation of vulnerable populations in climate action through capacity building and skills development, technology and innovations as well as targeted inclusive access to climate finance, among other initiatives. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Kenya | 3.1 Mitigation (...) The mitigation goal will be achieved through the promotion and implementation of key priority mitigation initiatives, including but not limited to the following: Undertake energy sector reforms aimed at universal access to, adequate, reliable, and affordable energy services, to enable the achievement of, inter alia: Adoption of clean and efficient energy use for the transport, industry, agriculture and domestic sectors including clean cooking. **Expanding access to clean cooking solutions in Kenya is likely to benefit women by easing unpaid care burdens and improving health through safer, more sustainable cooking and energy solutions. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Kenya | 3.1 Mitigation (...) The mitigation goal will be achieved through the promotion and implementation of key priority mitigation initiatives, including but not limited to the following: Promotion of low carbon, climate resilient and efficient transportation systems that are gender-responsive and accessible to all, through electrification, modal shifts, urban mass rapid transport systems and overall greening of the transport sector. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Transportation |
| Kenya | 3.1 Mitigation (...) The mitigation goal will be achieved through the promotion and implementation of key priority mitigation initiatives, including but not limited to the following: Promotion of climate smart agriculture (CSA) with emphasis on crop and animal husbandry, including efficient livestock management systems while improving resilience of smallholder farmers and pastoralists through enhancement of their capacities. **Women are likely to benefit from economic measures targeting smallholder farmers because they make up a large share of this group and rely on small-scale farming for income and household food security. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Kenya | 3.2 Adaptation and Loss & Damage Kenya commits to achieving the adaptation goal and addressing loss and damage through the implementation of the following key initiatives, inter alia: Enhance Climate Resilience in agriculture and agri-food systems for the attainment of food security through the promotion of inclusive climate-smart agricultural practices including but not limited to effective irrigation systems, sustainable land management, drought-tolerant crops and sustainable livestock production with special focus on smallholder farmers. **Women are likely to benefit from economic measures targeting smallholder farmers because they make up a large share of this group and rely on small-scale farming for income and household food security. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Kenya | 3.2.1 Prioritised Adaptation And Loss And Damage: Interventions Programs And Interventions Prioritized For 2031 - 2035: Health P16: Enhance vulnerability and risk assessment of different climate risks on human health, and establish county-level systems with gender disaggregated data to track and manage diseases. P17: Continuous improvement of health programmes, protocols and guidance to manage new climate change related diseases and risk. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Kenya | 3.2.1 Prioritised Adaptation And Loss And Damage: Interventions Programs And Interventions Prioritized For 2031 - 2035: Gender P22: Promote mainstreaming of gender responsive initiatives across all sectors through inclusion of all categories of the population in climate action. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Kenya | 3.2.1 Prioritised Adaptation And Loss And Damage: Interventions Programs And Interventions Prioritized For 2031 - 2035: Climate Change Loss and Damage P28: Develop a robust loss and damage needs assessment to inform the technical assistance request from Santiago Network on Loss and Damage and support from Funds to Respond to Loss and Damage (FRLD). P29: Develop a robust loss and damage data collection, curation, storage and dissemination system. P30: Capacity building for all stakeholders on loss and damage, and support sectors to plan for targeted interventions. P31: Enhance institutional coordination and strengthening responses towards current and emerging climate induced economic/non-economic losses and damages including slow onset events, climate mobility, displacement and insecurity, among others. **Measures addressing non-economic loss and damage are likely to benefit women by addressing the social, cultural, and wellbeing impacts of climate change—areas where they are often most affected yet overlooked in recovery efforts. |
Economic security
|
Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Lesotho | 3.1.3.1 Water sector: Table 2. Adaptation measures for the water sector, largely focusing on water management and availability of water for society, the economy, and the environment. 2. Implement the Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) program * Indicator: Number of climate resilient and gender sensitive catchment plans, local council action plans and measures of different categories for ecosystem services designed, approved and under implementation, based on national guidelines. Number of individuals trained on climate resilience in the context of ICM. * Baseline: 6 out of 74 catchments plans. 37 individuals from the 6 pilot catchments trained on the concepts of climate change risk and resilience in context of ICM. * Target: 18 out of 74 catchments plans implemented by 2030. 200 individuals trained in climate resilience in context of ICM by 2025. * Responsible Department: Department of Water Affairs Department of Range Management Department of Soil and Water Conservation Department of Rural Water Supply * Other Key Implementing Entities: Department of Decentralisation and Chieftainship, GIZ, EU, World Vision, BUSARA Institute of Behavioural Change, Local authorities, Department of Gender * Mitigation Co-benefits: Reduced emissions from herd size reduction or increased regeneration of rangelands and forest cover. |
Unpaid care work
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Water resources |
| Lesotho | 3.1.3.2 Human Settlements: Table 3. Adaptation measures for to human settlements. 7. Promote construction of resilient infrastructure and sanitation facilities to reduce losses and damage to housing infrastructure and reduce incidence of climate related diseases. * Indicator: Percentage of households living in climate resilient housing. Percentage of households with access to modern sanitation and toilet facilities. * Baseline: About 30% of the households live in with roofs made of thatch/straw. 44% of the total population has access to modern sanitation solutions (46% and 43% coverage in urban and rural areas, respectively). * About 30% of households do not have access to any toilet facilities. * Target: 100% of the households living in climate resilient houses, with access to toilets and sanitation services. * Responsible Department: Department of Public Works, Disaster Management Authority * Other Key Implementing Entities: Department of Gender, Local Authorities, LMS * Mitigation Co-benefits: Not applicable **Due to the near-universal target of 100% of households living in climate resilient houses with access to toilets and sanitation services, women will benefit from this measure. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Lesotho | 3.1.3.4 AFOLU and food security (...) The proposed measures for the AFOLU sector aim to support the mission of a strongly adapted sector that is resilient to climate variability. An adapted AFOLU sector is able to continue the productivity of the land despite climate variability, maintain biodiversity and habitats in a changing environment, and conserves or improves the quality/support capacity of the land over time. The measures proposed aim to support these outcomes over time including: * The application of integrated land-use planning in the development of new measures to increase resilience to climate change. These systems need to integrate land use planning, improved production systems for increased productivity, processing, and storage for added value, and market systems. Further, integrated production systems should consider the creation of local capacities, consider women and marginalized groups, and include the most vulnerable. (...) Land Use Planning: 1. Land use management - Develop an integrated land use and management plan focusing on conservation agriculture and forestry practices and related concepts. 2. Land degradation slow/stop - Implement plans for the management and reclamation of degrated land (in line with the Lesotho's Land Degradation Neutrality targets). 3. Land use planning legislation - Implement land use planning law and national land-use policy integrating climate change adaptation. 4. Land conservation - Increase land under conservation and protection (in line with the NBSAP and IUCN conservation areas categories). |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Land use and forestry |
| Lesotho | 3.1.3.4 AFOLU and food security: Table 5: Adaptation measures related to AFOLU and food production: AGRICULTURE 5. Livestock. Promote the diversification of livestock and livestock management practices, including livestock species resilient to climate change. * Indicator: Percentage of livestock under improved management (zero grazing and rotational grazing, etc.). Disaggregated data on the percentage of most vulnerable groups (women, youth) engaged in improved livestock management. * Baseline: No specific data available on the percentage of livestock under improved grazing, but there are pilot projects promoting different alternative grazing practices around the country. * Target: Livestock under improved management to 60% by 2030. Increase women, youth, and vulnerable groups engaged in livestock diversification to 35% by 2030. * Responsible Department: Department of Livestock Services; Department of Range Resources Management; Department of Agricultural Research; Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho. * Other Key Implementing Entities: NGOs; Lesotho Agricultural College; Farmers; Farmer Associations; Local Authorities; Grazing Associations; Herders; Department of Gender. * Mitigation Co-benefits: Reduction of methane emission from livestock. Emission reductions from restored pastures. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Lesotho | 3.1.3.4 AFOLU and food security: Table 5: Adaptation measures related to AFOLU and food production: AGRICULTURE 7. Crops. Promote and support the access to climate change resilient crops (drought and pest resistant). This includes a component of capacity building on farming these crops optimally. * Indicator: Percentage of farmers with access to quality seed. Disaggregated data on the proportion of farmers adopting new climate smart crop technologies. * Baseline: Farmer saved seed and seed from social networks for maize, sorghum, and wheat accounts for 80%, the remainder comes from the market and seed aid. Local seed production is at infancy and there are currently 67 individual seed growers who produce maize and bean seeds. * Target: Increase the percentage of farmers having access to quality seed to 20% by 2030. Increase proportion of farmers especially women, youth, vulnerable groups adopting new climate smart crop technologies to 20% by 2030. * Responsible Department: Department of Crops; Department of Agricultural Research. * Other Key Implementing Entities: FAO; Lesotho Agricultural College; National University of Lesotho; Farmers; Local Authorities; Department of Gender; Farmers Association. * Mitigation Co-benefits: CO₂ removal from crop biomass. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Lesotho | 3.2.4.1 Energy : Table 7: Proposed mitigation measures in the residential energy subsector 1. Efficient Woodstoves: Introduction of high efficiency stoves, resulting in carbon sink preservation through reduced demand of traditional biomass fuel. * Indicator: Percentage of households and rural institutions using Efficient Woodstoves. * Baseline: No available information was found on percentage of households and institutions. * Target: Unconditional: 9030 stoves by 2030 - GHG reduction 24 kt CO2eq/year in 2030. Conditional: 30,800 stoves by 2030 - GHG reduction 83 kt CO2eq/year in 2030. * Responsible Department: Department of Energy; Department of Forestry. * Other Key Implementing Entities: District Forestry Offices; District Councils; NGOs; Area and Village Development Committees. * Mitigation Co-benefits: Reduced demand for traditional biomass, which helps to reduce pressure on forestry resources with associated reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events. **The introduction of efficient woodstoves is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent collecting firewood, lessening their unpaid care workload, and improving health through lower household air pollution and reduced exposure to smoke-related respiratory illnesses. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Lesotho | 3.2.4.1 Energy: Table 7: Proposed mitigation measures in the residential energy subsector 4. LPG Stoves Replacing Wood Stoves: Deployment of efficient LPG cook stoves to urban and rural households, thereby reducing demand for fuel wood. * Indicator: Percentage of households and rural institutions using LPG Stoves to replacing Wood Stoves. * Baseline: No available information was found on percentage of households and institutions. * Target: Unconditional: 8,820 stoves by 2030 - GHG reduction 14 kt CO2eq/year in 2030. Conditional: 31,500 stoves by 2030 - GHG reduction 50 kt CO2eq/year in 2030. * Responsible Department: Department of Energy; Ministry of Local Government; Chieftainship, Home Affairs & Police. * Other Key Implementing Entities: District Councils; Private Sector; CSOs; NGOs. * Mitigation Co-benefits: Reduced dependence on traditional biomass. Reduced pressure on forests and forest biodiversity. Increased off-farm business for rural communities. Access to energy increases adaptive capacity. **The introduction of efficient woodstoves is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent collecting firewood, lessening their unpaid care workload, and improving health through lower household air pollution and reduced exposure to smoke-related respiratory illnesses. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Lesotho | 3.3. Cross-cutting issues: Table 14: Crosscutting measures 2. Strengthen the role and activities of the NCCC. * Baseline: Responsibilities and activities are unclear with a broad participation group but no records, mandates, etc. * Indicator: Status of responsibilities set for cross government coordination. Inclusion of women in leadership/decision making position. * Target: Directives for coordination roles across government on climate change are set unambiguously in law by 2025. At least 30% of climate change leadership positions are held by women. * Responsible Department: Lesotho Meteorological Services. * Other Key Implementing Entities: National Climate Change Committee. Department of Planning. * Adaptation/Mitigation Co-benefits: Accelerator of climate action. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Lesotho | 3.3. Cross-cutting issues: Table 14: Crosscutting measures 6. Ensure meaningful engagement and participation of women, vulnerable groups, and youths in policy making processes and programme implementation. * Baseline: Women and at-risk groups are underrepresented in the consultation, development, and execution of climate change projects and policies. * Indicator: Number of women youth and vulnerable groups engaged in policy making and implementation process. Number of women in senior positions in climate change related agencies, project teams, and decision-making bodies. * Target: 30% of minimum average participation in consultation, development, and execution of climate change projects and policies. 30% of senior positions in climate change related agencies, project teams, and decision-making bodies occupied by women. * Responsible Department: Department of Gender. Lesotho Meteorological Services. * Other Key Implementing Entities: National Climate Change Committee. Local Authorities. * Adaptation/Mitigation Co-benefits: Accelerator of climate action. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Lesotho | 3.3. Cross-cutting issues: Table 14: Crosscutting measures 7. Conduct a gender-sensitive vulnerability assessment on impacts of climate change. * Baseline: Vulnerability assessments and other policy development tools do not consider gender and other social impacts. * Indicator: Number of gender sensitive vulnerability assessments conducted. * Target: One national gender sensitive vulnerability assessment report published. * Responsible Department: Department of Gender. LMS. * Other Key Implementing Entities: National Climate Change Committee. Social Development. BOS. * Adaptation/Mitigation Co-benefits: Builds adaptive capacity of population and enhancing resilience. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Lesotho | 3.3. Cross-cutting issues: Table 14: Crosscutting measures 10. Strengthen institutions to support climate action including assigning roles and responsibilities and climate targets to government offices or roles. * Baseline: Poor allocation of objective and specific achievement of responsibilities. * Indicator: Proportion of NDC objectives allocated to institutions with periodic review mandate. Number of women in leadership and decision-making positions. * Target: All NDC responsibilities assigned to specific institutions and roles by 2025. Institutional assessment to increase climate actions efficiency and effectiveness. * Responsible Department: Lesotho Meteorological Services. * Other Key Implementing Entities: * Adaptation/Mitigation Co-benefits: Accelerator of climate action. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Lesotho | 3.3. Cross-cutting issues: Table 14: Crosscutting measures 11. Develop national climate change adaptation indicators. To include gender aspects, and their inclusion in national statistics. * Baseline: No formal adaptation monitoring indicators framework in place. * Indicator: Number of indicators of climate change adaptation and gender included in national statistics. * Target: National statistics and national accounts include climate change and gender specific indicators. * Responsible Department: Lesotho Meteorological Services. Bureau of Statistics. * Other Key Implementing Entities: Department of Planning. Department of Gender. * Adaptation/Mitigation Co-benefits: Not applicable. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Lesotho | 3.1.3.1 Water sector: Table 2. Adaptation measures for the water sector, largely focusing on water management and availability of water for society, the economy, and the environment. 8. Increase climate resilient rural water supply network. Supporting projects to improve water access in rural areas. * Indicator: Percentage of population covered water supply network. Number of women and girls having access to portable water. * Baseline: In 2020, only 29% of the population had access to clean water. In 2016, 79.8 percent of rural households had access to improved water sources. * Target: 88% population with access to clean water by 2030. * Responsible Department: Department of Rural Water Supply * Other Key Implementing Entities: Department of Decentralisation, Department of Gender * Mitigation Co-benefits: Not applicable |
Unpaid care work
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Lesotho | 3.2.4.1 Energy: Table 7: Proposed mitigation measures in the residential energy subsector 5. Solar Cooking * Indicator: Percentage of households and rural institutions using Solar Cookers. * Baseline: No available information was found on percentage of households and institutions. * Target: Unconditional: 8,400 solar cookers by 2030 - GHG reduction 12 kt CO2eq/year in 2030. Conditional: 9,450 stoves by 2030 GHG reduction 13 kt CO2eq/year in 2030. * Responsible Department: Department of Energy; Ministry of Local Government, Chieftainship, Home-Affairs & Police. * Other Key Implementing Entities: District Councils; Private Sector; CSOs; NGOs. * Mitigation Co-benefits: Reduced dependence on traditional biomass. Reduced pressure on forests and forest biodiversity. Increased off-farm business for rural community. Access to energy increase adaptive capacity. **The introduction of solar cookers is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent collecting firewood, lessening their unpaid care workload, and improving health through lower household air pollution and reduced exposure to smoke-related respiratory illnesses. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Lesotho | 3.1. Adaptation: 3.1.1. Baseline: 3.1.1.2 Human Settlements (...) As one of the countries with high level of prevalence of HIV/AIDS, women and child-headed households are among the most vulnerable groups. Gender equity and social issues including HIV/AIDS prevention shall be considered and fully considered in the capacity building activities as well as the development and management of facilities. |
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Agriculture and Food Security (...) Interventions to boost agricultural incomes and participation in the sector include support for women and young entrepreneurs in marketing products to both locals and tourists, developing context-specific financing products, and diversifying educational opportunities in the sector. Measures to develop high-standard animal husbandry and veterinary care, safeguarding against the entry of plant or animal diseases, and improving stewardship of forests and palm groves are key to sustainable development of the sector. To ensure food security and promote sustainable agricultural development in the face of climate change, the following strategies have been outlined: * Strengthen agribusiness through prioritising infrastructure development in regional markets, agri-input shops, specialised transport vessels, value-added processing facilities and the establishment of cold and dry storage facilities in major regional centers to reduce post-harvest losses and stabilise market prices. * Bolster food security by promoting self-sufficiency in key crops through increasing the local cultivation potential of local crops such as coconuts, diversifying the existing crop-base, incentivising agrotourism interventions, initiating local crop development programmes and developing mechanisms for export opportunities. (...) * Accelerate and mainstream the adoption of innovative and climate-smart agricultural practices including vertical farming, hydroponics, efficient irrigation systems, greenhouse technologies, novel product certifications and agroecological production systems. *Establish agricultural centers in strategic locations and enhancing the existing Agriculture Center as a premier national agriculture extension and research facility. This includes an operational multipurpose national agricultural laboratory, facilities for conducting accredited training programmes, provisions for participatory adaptive research, and facilities for training and demonstrations. * Improve governance within the agriculture, food security, veterinary, and animal welfare sectors by enacting and enforcing current and planned legislation, developing institutional mechanisms to enhance the national plant protection system and integrating ICT systems for real-time data collection and management. **The NDC recognises that women account for 54% of the country's registered farmers (p. 22), and therefore, they are likely to benefit from measures in the agricultural sector. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Agriculture and Food Security (...) To ensure food security and promote sustainable agricultural development in the face of climate change, the following strategies have been outlined: (...) * Build the human resource capacity of the sector by enhancing agricultural training and extension systems, operationalising private agriculture extension and advisory services, improving the local higher education system, incentivising the labor market for local professionals (including youth and women) and introducing professional grading systems. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Public Health Delivering quality healthcare services to a geographically dispersed population has unique challenges which are exacerbated by climate impacts. The small size of most Maldivian islands coupled with the low land elevation exposes critical infrastructure, including health facilities, to hazards such as storm surges, sea swells, and flooding. Forecasted increases in extreme weather events have the potential to disrupt access to emergency services, unless anticipatory action plans are put in place to ensure health facilities can remain operational during and after exposure to climate hazards. Beyond the risks to health infrastructure, shifting weather patterns can result in the spread of more diseases which will expose significant portions of the population, including vulnerable groups, to adverse health risks and impose a greater burden on healthcare services nationwide. (...) Climate proofing of health infrastructure, integrating renewable energy into health facilities, and addressing health emergencies during extreme events remains a significant gap which needs to be addressed through support and capacity building. (...) To safeguard the Maldives from climate-induced health impacts, the following strategies have been outlined: * Enhance the resilience of health infrastructure and health services to withstand the impacts of climate change, such as extreme events, and ensure that healthcare facilities remain operational during and after extreme events. (...) * Improve the national disease surveillance network by integrating climate data. Raise the institutional and human capacity of healthcare personnel to implement the adaptation objectives of the health sector. * Raise the institutional and human capacity of healthcare personnel to implement the adaptation objectives of the health sector. * Support the strengthening of existing and planned legal frameworks across different sectors to ensure that climatic impacts on health are meaningfully considered in national legislation. * Promote scientific research to further investigate the impact of climate change on human health and enable evidence-based decision-making in future policymaking. * Improve awareness on public health issues, especially as it pertains to climate change, with a special emphasis on providing targeted messaging for highly vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. * Strengthen mental health support services, with special emphasis given to psychological distress and trauma caused by extreme events. **According to ILO data (2019), the healthcare sector accounts for 9.45% of women's employment compared to just 3.17% of men's, meaning that measures targeting climate preparedness in the healthcare sector will have a disproportionate impact on women's safety, wellbeing and livelihoods. |
Economic security
Health
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Adaptation | Health |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Fisheries Fisheries constitute the second-largest economic sector in the Maldives, accounting for 90% of Maldivian exports and serving as the primary source of livelihood for Maldivians across the country. (...) The fish harvesting and fish processing sectors operate distinctly. The fish harvesting sector comprises small-scale and artisanal fishers who rely on traditional methods for bait fisheries and other fisheries, making it a predominantly community-based activity. In smaller islands, fish processing and value addition provide an opportunity for income generation, especially for women. Women play a crucial role in value addition to the fisheries product using traditional methods to produce smoked fish (valho mas), rihaakuru and other fish products. In contrast, the fish processed for export operates at a larger scale, focusing on processing and value-adding to fish products for international markets. (...) To safeguard the fisheries sector and ensure sustainable management of marine resources, the following strategies have been outlined: (...) * Enhance the resilience of the fisheries sector by strengthening institutional and human capacity and targeted financial and technological interventions to support the development of the fish harvesting and processing sector. (...) * Enhance efficiency and improve quality of fish caught through innovative technologies for onboard fish handling and live-bait stocking. * Pursue climate-friendly technologies to ensure adaptive management in the fisheries sector. * Diversify the fisheries product portfolio to enhance resilience of the fisheries industry through exploratory fisheries, and strengthening of mariculture sector and value addition capabilities. * Strengthen fisheries research and education to support innovation, and promote higher education and skill development in the fisheries sector. * Strengthen monitoring, control and surveillance capacity of fisheries and ocean resources. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Coastal zones and fisheries |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Fisheries Fisheries constitute the second-largest economic sector in the Maldives, accounting for 90% of Maldivian exports and serving as the primary source of livelihood for Maldivians across the country. (...) The fish harvesting and fish processing sectors operate distinctly. The fish harvesting sector comprises small-scale and artisanal fishers who rely on traditional methods for bait fisheries and other fisheries, making it a predominantly community-based activity. In smaller islands, fish processing and value addition provide an opportunity for income generation, especially for women. Women play a crucial role in value addition to the fisheries product using traditional methods to produce smoked fish (valho mas), rihaakuru and other fish products. In contrast, the fish processed for export operates at a larger scale, focusing on processing and value-adding to fish products for international markets. (...) To safeguard the fisheries sector and ensure sustainable management of marine resources, the following strategies have been outlined: (...) * Facilitate innovative financing mechanisms and training programs to improve value addition among small-scale processors, with a focus on women. |
Economic security
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Adaptation | Coastal zones and fisheries |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Disaster Risk Reduction and Management The Maldives is exceptionally vulnerable to extreme events and climate-related hazards. It faces frequent exposure to a wide range of hydrometeorological threats, including flooding, sea-level rise, storms, torrential rains, storm swells, and cyclones. These hazards pose significant challenges, with over 90% of islands experiencing flooding, and more than 60% reporting severe shoreline erosion in recent years, amid a rising frequency of extreme events. Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of these events with projections suggesting that these trends will continue, posing escalating threats to the nation’s resilience and sustainable development agenda.(...) The Maldives has taken a proactive approach to disaster management by developing a comprehensive risk reduction strategy, and enhancing multi-hazard early warning systems. To enhance management and implementation of effective disaster risk reduction measures and to reduce climate vulnerability, the following strategies have been outlined: (...) * Strengthen the national disaster management planning and policy framework. * Develop a comprehensive disaster risk and knowledge database to ensure hazard information and disaster management knowledge are easily accessible to communities and stakeholders. * Integrate and streamline National Adaptation Plans and climate information with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies and management plans. * Strengthen and expand the decentralised Community-Based Disaster Risk Management approach to promote locally led efforts and enhance community capacity to respond rapidly and effectively to emerging disasters and hazards. * Enhance disaster preparedness by constructing and maintaining essential disaster infrastructure, including regional emergency centers, temporary shelters, and stockpiles in strategic locations. * Improve access to essential emergency response equipment and provide training on their use. * Continue enhancing the engagement of children, women, and vulnerable groups in the disaster management cycle, provide opportunities for them to develop disaster preparedness skills and ensure access to sufficient psychosocial support. * Strengthen and promote a whole-of-society approach to emergency response and disaster preparedness by building capacity, awareness and disaster response skills. * Bolster multi-hazard risk assessments by developing island and sector-specific risk assessments, hazard maps, and disaster management plans. |
Health
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Disasters |
| Maldives | Driving, Enabling and Implementing Climate Action: Gender, Children, and Youth The integration of clean climate technologies is crucial to achieving the Maldives’ climate targets and policies across all sectors. The unique geography, characterised by scattered low-lying islands, adds significant complexity to deploying and sustaining innovative solutions, often resulting in higher costs. These constraints necessitate the application of climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies tailored to the local context. Notable progress in the sector includes adopting renewable energy technologies, piloting smart technologies, improving energy efficiency, implementing early warning systems, and establishing infrastructure for public transport networks, including the introduction of electric buses. However, achieving long-term ambitious climate goals necessitate scaling up efforts, enhancing local capacities, fostering innovation, and incorporating sustainable traditional knowledge. To enhance the role of technology in addressing climate change, the following strategies have been outlined: * Promote energy-efficient technologies across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to reduce energy consumption. * Promote smart and climate-resilient Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions. * Promote technologies for electric vehicle deployment by expanding charging infrastructure, introducing battery-swapping solutions, and supporting other innovative technologies to accelerate the transition to electric mobility. * Scale-up energy-efficient and low-emission public transport systems by enhancing infrastructure and integrating clean energy solutions. * Integrate artificial intelligence-driven technologies and applications for efficient climate action. * Strengthen technology transfer and innovation to advance solutions for climate action by fostering international partnerships, leveraging financial instruments, and mobilising technical support. * Promote research, peer learning, and the development of endogenous technologies through pilot projects and local demonstrations to support sustainable solutions tailored to the Maldives’ unique context, by building on local and traditional knowledge. * Enhance climate observation and monitoring systems by adopting advanced meteorological and oceanographic technologies and improving risk forecasting and resilience planning. * Enhance water resource management technologies by advancing desalination systems, integrating innovative rainwater harvesting and storage technologies, deploying infiltration and drainage systems for groundwater replenishment, and modernizing distribution networks. * Improve climate-resilient agriculture technologies by promoting innovative and traditional farming practices, salt-tolerant crops, and controlled environment agriculture whilst facilitating adequate access to technologies to address food security challenges. * Foster gender-responsive technology adoption by ensuring equitable processes that consider stakeholder needs and promote awareness to enable a just transition. * Implement the Climate Technology Action Plan by enhancing stakeholder coordination and establishing support mechanisms to drive sustainable technology adoption for climate adaptation and mitigation. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Enhancing Water Security The Maldives is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world due to its coral island geology and geographical nature, further compounded by the impacts of climate change. These challenges, coupled with the country’s low-lying nature, make it highly vulnerable to climate change and its associated impacts, particularly on its limited freshwater resources. Additionally, the Maldives’ scattered geography and uneven population distribution pose many challenges to the provision of basic services such as water and sanitation. (...) Rainwater harvesting from rooftops is a key source of potable water, particularly among island communities, where it serves as the main supply for drinking and cooking. However, limited space, changes in rainfall pattern, extended dry periods, and safe harvesting remain major challenges for the communities dependent on rainwater for potable use. The Maldives has sought alternative solutions to provide reliable water sources for the communities, through the establishment of infrastructure to enhance water security. (...) To strengthen and enhance water security, the following strategies have been outlined: (...) * Increase access to safe and reliable potable water to the island communities, enhancing resilience and alleviating water stress by mobilising more resources, and increasing investments to fulfil national water and climate targets. * Promotion of integrated water resource management through investment in community and household rainwater harvesting, alongside possible treatment methods such as filtration, incorporating sustainable groundwater use, and desalination by using renewable energy and waste heat recovery. (...) * Develop and implement water security plans that account for the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and their adverse impacts. These plans could include building community water storage facilities, among others, to secure adequate supplies throughout the year. (...) * Promote water research through national institutions by facilitating collaborative opportunities with international partners, to increase readiness for building research capacities on water and climate. (...) * Enhance the promotion of water, sanitation and hygiene education in schools to build greater resilience in addressing emerging water- and vector-borne diseases caused by climate change. (...) * Address the skill-development needs of the sector, with a particular focus on youth, in close collaboration with national skills development agencies and the private sector. Specific attention could be given to integrating emerging water technologies and innovative climate solutions. **As primary providers of domestic labour, women would likely see their care burdens reduced through these measures, which improve access to and management of household water for drinking, cooking, and hygiene. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Maldives | Enhancing Adaptive Capacity, Strengthening Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability: Loss and Damage Loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change is a lived reality for the Maldives, as the Maldivian way of life, the identity of its people, and their socioeconomic wellbeing are deeply interlinked with its climate-vulnerable environment. Due to being surrounded by the ocean and the dispersed nature of atoll ecosystems, island communities have long been heavily reliant on their natural environment. For generations, this setting, including the vast ocean and abundant marine life, has played a crucial role in the socioeconomic sphere contributing to livelihoods, export revenues, and food security. These inherent vulnerabilities have been evident in various events, both climatic and non-climatic in nature, throughout the country’s history. Several events, such as severe tidal and storm surges have caused disruptions to daily life and widespread damage to infrastructure and livelihoods. Although not climatic in nature, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami resulted in unprecedented losses of human life and severe devastation, resulting in damages amounting to 62% of the country’s GDP. Due to climate challenges and environmental degradation, some communities have been relocated from their ancestral islands to other islands, resulting in disruptions of livelihoods, and non-economic losses, such as psychosocial impacts and loss of identity. As a result of the worsening impacts of climate change, the Maldives experiences both slow onset and extreme events that result in economic and non-economic loss and damage. Under current conditions, the country is experiencing a higher frequency and increased intensity of extreme events, particularly hydrometeorological hazards such as heavy rainfall, flooding, and storm surges.(…) To enhance ongoing efforts to address loss and damage, the following strategies have been outlined: (…) * Reduce the financial protection gap by expanding insurance schemes, including introducing parametric insurance for smallholders, strengthening national insurers, and improving climate data systems to facilitate swift payouts and rapid recovery for island communities. * Strengthen national capacities and financial mechanisms to effectively access international finance for responding to loss and damage through a variety of instruments and risk management approaches and ensuring efficient and rapid disbursement of contingency funds to enhance financial response and recovery of affected island communities. * Promote research on climate change-related economic and non-economic loss and damage to enhance the understanding of the scale and nature of the loss and damage experienced. * Enhance the delivery of psychosocial support to affected communities as a result of climate impacts such as extreme events and associated loss and damage of climate impacts and associated loss and damage. * Assess tangible and intangible cultural and heritage loss due to climate change. * Enhance the capacity of national and local institutions to address climate-related loss and damage. **Women are likely to benefit from economic measures targeting smallholder farmers because they make up a large share of this group and rely on small-scale farming for income and household food security. |
Economic security
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Loss and damage | Agriculture |
| Maldives | Driving, Enabling and Implementing Climate Action: Gender, Children, and Youth Vulnerable groups, particularly women, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities (PWDs), and migrant workers, are disproportionately affected by climate change. These groups have limited adaptive capacity and are more exposed to climate risks due to inherent vulnerabilities such as age, health, and access to resources. (...) To overcome the challenges faced by vulnerable groups in the face of climate change, the following strategies have been identified: * Strengthen policies and institutional frameworks to address the impacts of climate change on vulnerable groups. (...) * Promote research towards an enhanced understanding of the disproportionate impacts of climate change on vulnerable groups. (...) * Provide and facilitate access to relevant higher education opportunities and skill-development programmes. * Provide career guidance in schools, with special emphasis on employment opportunities to facilitate climate action. * Promote partnerships with local, regional, and international organisations to enable capacity building and knowledge sharing, including opportunities for intergenerational dialogue. * Improve data accessibility and facilitate the participation of youth in climate research. * Enhance outreach and communication on climate change, including through targeted awareness activities, to facilitate the participation of vulnerable groups in climate action. * Facilitate meaningful engagement with vulnerable groups as key stakeholders in decision making processes. * Provide targeted capacity building, including through trainings and skills development for vulnerable groups to effectively participate in climate action. * Strengthen mental health support services for vulnerable groups to address climate induced psychological impacts. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Maldives | Driving, Enabling and Implementing Climate Action: Gender, Children, and Youth Vulnerable groups, particularly women, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities (PWDs), and migrant workers, are disproportionately affected by climate change. These groups have limited adaptive capacity and are more exposed to climate risks due to inherent vulnerabilities such as age, health, and access to resources. (...) To overcome the challenges faced by vulnerable groups in the face of climate change, the following strategies have been identified: (...) * Empower women's participation in key economic sectors through opportunities such as entrepreneurships, and educational and training programmes. (...) * Safeguard women's livelihoods, particularly natural resource-driven activities within the informal economic sector, from the impacts of climate change. (...) * Enhance the capacity of social services to address the gendered impacts of climate change. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Maldives | Driving, Enabling and Implementing Climate Action: Gender, Children, and Youth Vulnerable groups, particularly women, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities (PWDs), and migrant workers, are disproportionately affected by climate change. These groups have limited adaptive capacity and are more exposed to climate risks due to inherent vulnerabilities such as age, health, and access to resources. (...) To overcome the challenges faced by vulnerable groups in the face of climate change, the following strategies have been identified: (...) * Enhance women's meaningful engagement in climate action and participation in decision making, and promote the understanding of women's roles in climate action through targeted communication strategies. * Strengthen organisations that promote women's empowerment, including by facilitating access to financial and technical resources for gender-related programmes and climate change advocacy. (...) * Increase financial and technical resources for gender-related programmes and advocacy initiatives focused on climate change. |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Maldives | Driving, Enabling and Implementing Climate Action: Climate Advocacy, Education and Empowerment The Maldives is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, with the increasing severity and frequency of climate impacts amplifying the need for sustained climate advocacy, education, and empowerment. Given the scale of the issue, a whole-of-society approach is essential: one that equips people with the knowledge to understand climate risks, empowers them to take action, and ensures that climate change remains a priority at all levels of governance. These factors play a critical role in building an informed and resilient society, capable of responding effectively to the climate crisis. (...) To advance climate governance, education, and advocacy, the following strategies have been outlined: (…) * Maintain recognition of the Maldives as one of the most vulnerable countries globally through international advocacy and continued leadership, ensuring that its unique circumstances are given significant prominence in global climate discussions. * Strengthen international and local advocacy to secure investment and the financial support needed for climate action. * Empower Local Councils and community-based organizations by building their capacities to effectively contribute to and implement climate action initiatives at the community level. * Increase the participation of local communities and organisations in climate action by enhancing support, resources, and decision-making opportunities at the local level. * Expand the role of the private sector in climate action by facilitating access to resources. * Mainstream climate education to ensure the effective delivery of climate-related content across all levels of education, including enhancement of educators’ skills through specialised training and professional development programmes. * Strengthen academic and training institutions to integrate climate change into research and education. * Expand climate change research and innovation through technical capacity building, facilitating resources for research, and developing national climate research centres. * Promote awareness and increase access to educational opportunities in sustainability sectors and green jobs, targeting youth and young professionals pursuing higher education. * Conduct locally tailored awareness campaigns focusing on the disproportionate impacts of climate change on vulnerable groups, including women, children, and youth. * Formulate and implement the required legislative framework to ensure compliance with data collection, reporting, and verification of progress on climate action. * Develop and implement a centralised data-sharing and collection platform to improve efficiency, enhance coordination, and foster data integration. * Promote social and environmental safeguards within the public and private sector. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Marshall Islands | III. Mitigation Priorities: Energy (...) RMI recognizes that women and young people play a significant role in the clean energy transition. RMI is currently establishing the Outer Islands Solar Training for Women programme through the National Energy Office with support from local NGO Women United Together Marshall Islands (WUTMI), supported by funding from the Government of Canada through the NDC Partnership. This is part of RMI’s commitment to increase training, education, and awareness-raising efforts for women and throughout schools to ensure gender equality in access to renewable energy opportunities and empower women and young people with the skills and knowledge necessary to contribute to sustainable energy solutions in their communities and beyond. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Marshall Islands | V. Resilient Development: Agriculture (...) The agricultural sector is a key focus area to improve the resilience of the Marshallese, which is identified as one of the five strategic areas supporting the economic development pillar of the National Strategic Plan 2020, and is prioritized in Agenda 2030, especially in the context of national food security. The Agriculture Sector Plan 2021-2031 provides guiding principles which state that agriculture in RMI should contribute to economic, social and environmental sustainability through job creation and food resilience. It is estimated that currently only 20% of the food supply is produced locally. This reliance on imported foods for the diet of Marshallese is a priority issue that the sector plan will address by increasing locally grown foods and improving the engagement of households in agricultural activities. An increase in locally produced food will ensure a healthier diet for the household and in the long term contribute to decreasing incidence of non-communicable diseases. And although given the difficulty of data-gathering and the relatively small amount of agricultural activity, we do not currently measure GHG emissions from agriculture, an increase in locally grown food should also reduce emissions through a decrease in imports. **The Agriculture Sector Plan 2021-2031 includes gender-specific objectives, particularly in Output 4, which promotes women’s engagement in home gardening and adoption of healthy recipes, strengthening their role in household nutrition and improving family diets through increased consumption of locally produced foods. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Agriculture |
| Marshall Islands | VII: Gender and Human Rights: Gender (...) Achieving gender justice in the context of climate change requires ensuring that women have equal access to decision-making, education, and resources to participate fully in climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. RMI’s objective is to ensure that every Marshallese woman is empowered to lead climate action initiatives and access opportunities without facing gender-based violence, or barriers to participation, fostering an inclusive and resilient society where women’s voices are central in shaping sustainable solutions for their communities and RMI’s future. By addressing the intersection of gender and climate, RMI is committed to creating more inclusive, effective solutions that not only tackle environmental issues but also promote social and economic equity. |
Gender-based violence
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Marshall Islands | VIII. Governance, Institutional Arrangements and Stakeholder Engagement (...) In addition, RMI is committed to promoting gender equality in climate-related decision making. RMI plans for capacity-building programs on gender and climate change to be delivered across the government, education facilities and communities. Data collection disaggregated by sex, age and disability will inform and guide the development and implementation of targeted programs and projects. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Marshall Islands | IX. Enablers and Corresponding Needs: Capacity-Building (...) In order to scale-up sectoral action and the uptake of low-carbon resilient technology, RMI needs to build and sustain an appropriately skilled workforce through measures such as vocational education, apprenticeships and ongoing training, and long-term advisory support such as mentoring. Importantly, these steps should simultaneously continue to encourage women to join and remain in the workforce in all roles. Moreover, as mentioned in its NAP, RMI intends to undergo a labor market analysis to show current gaps and also future requirements for the private and public sector followed by an implementation and training and capacity building plan to have those skills in the country starting from early age in high school and appropriate scholarships. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Marshall Islands | VI. Loss and Damage RMI is already experiencing loss and damage, through both extreme and slow onset events, including droughts, food shortages, and the destruction of property and land. This has forced RMI institutions to spend money on recovery, which could otherwise have been spent on other development priorities like health, education and economic development. RMI’s objective is to ensure that every Marshallese citizen that experiences loss or damage as a result of the climate crisis has recourse to public finance in order to respond to, at least, the immediate impacts on themselves and their family. Achieving this objective will require significant resources, particularly as impacts increase. As global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, climatic changes are impacting Marshallese economy and culture. RMI plans to develop a framework for responding to economic and non-economic losses from climate change, with financial support from the Government of New Zealand. Possible losses will include those attributable to climate change-induced redistribution of stocks from Pacific Islands Fisheries Forum Agency (FFA) Members’ Exclusive Economic Zones into the high seas (to the extent that alternative mechanisms are not found to protect FFA Members’ fisheries rights under these circumstances), as well as any climate change-induced reductions in the biomass of these fishery resources. The Marshallese culture is based on land ownership, and the loss of land from climate change endangers our traditional social system. The loss of land equals the loss of identity and societal standing, which threatens the Marshallese social system. Assessment and resource management plans are being conducted across the atolls to inventory the properties, collect the heritage data, identify community cultural experts, and conduct community consultations, in order to document the physical impacts of climate change. The Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage is therefore of the essence to SIDS and RMI. Its setup and adequate capitalization should be prioritized in order to address the needs of RMI and others who are facing detrimental impacts to economies and societies. **Measures addressing non-economic loss and damage are likely to benefit women by addressing the social, cultural, and wellbeing impacts of climate change—areas where they are often most affected yet overlooked in recovery efforts. |
Economic security
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Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Marshall Islands | VIII. Governance, Institutional Arrangements and Stakeholder Engagement (...) RMI is enhancing its policy environment on gender to emphasize its commitment to mainstreaming gender equality in every policy, program, and initiative through the National Gender Mainstreaming Policy (2015), the Ministry of Culture and Internal Affairs Report on “Gender Equality – where do we stand?” (2018), and the more recent Gender Equality Act (2019) and National Adaptation Plan (2023). Additionally, the National Disaster Management Office has initiated a Gender and Protection Cluster to better inform gender-responsive disaster planning and management. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Montenegro | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of Montenegro for the Timeframe 2025-2035: 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: (...) Montenegro aims to achieve gender-balanced participation and encourage the full, equal, effective and meaningful participation and leadership of women and youth at all levels of climate action and decision making. The country will also continue to support their meaningful engagement in climate change decision-making processes, as well as climate education and training, and increase public awareness on climate change. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | II. Mitigation: A. Quantified Mitigation Targets: 1. Energy: (ii) Cooking and Heating • Target: Expand the use of household-level biogas for cooking to 500,000 households by 2030 and 652,770 households by 2035. • Reference value (2024): 450,770 households. • Costs (USD) and Conditionality: 455,770 households by 2030 and 472,770 households by 2035 is an unconditional target. By 2035: 15 million unconditional and 122.76 million conditional. Of this, by 2030: 3.41 million unconditional and 30.16 million conditional. • Target Year: 2030, 2035. **Expanding household-level biogas for cooking is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent collecting fuel, lessening their unpaid care workload, |
Unpaid care work
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Nepal | II. Mitigation: B. Policies and Measures: 2. AFOLU (i) Agriculture (…) * A total of 5000 ha and 10,000 ha of new Orchards will be established by 2030 and 2035 respectively. * By 2030, carbon sink potential from increasing Soil Organic Matter for various types of agricultural lands, crops and timeframes will be assessed, and efforts to increase Soil Organic Matter to at least 4% by 2035 will be pursued. * Post-harvest losses will be reduced to 15% by 2035, and green enterprise-friendly programs targeting small-holder farmers and marginalized communities will be conducted. * Promote climate friendly crop and livestock production system. A baseline study on crop residue burning in southern Nepal will be conducted by 2030 and crop residue burning will be reduced by 2035. **Women are likely to benefit from economic measures targeting smallholder farmers because they make up a large share of this group and rely on small-scale farming for income and household food security. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Nepal | II. Mitigation: B. Policies and Measures: 2. AFOLU: (ii) Land Use, Land-use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) * By 2035, strengthen forest governance by aligning the regulation and operation procedure of community-based forest management groups with sustainable forest management (SFM). * Ensure synergy of forestry sector targets, policies and measures with Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). * By 2030, Nepal will be self-sustainable in wood production through sustainable harvesting practices, and forest-based industries, businesses, skill development and jobs will be promoted. * By 2035, update the data on national forest area and expand the coverage under carbon market through the REDD Implementation Centre (IC) while strengthening the capacity of REDD-IC and Forest Research and Training Centre (FRTC). Promote participation of family-owned and private forests in carbon markets. * By 2030, conduct assessments and strengthen data collection on sustainable forest management to determine the baseline SFM information by various types of forests and regions. Increase coverage of sustainable forest management to 50% of Tarai and Inner Tarai forests and 25% of middle hills and mountain forests, including through the use of funding from REDD+ initiatives and carbon financing. * By 2030, the carbon sink capacity of the land-use sector will be enhanced by operationalizing the Forest Development Fund (FDF) for compensation of plantations and forest restoration, increasing the national average Growing Stock to 168 m3/ha. By 2035, sustainable forest management will be expanded to degraded forest lands, including the Chure region. * Promote agroforestry and reforestation, and strengthen the system for forest monitoring and transparency. * By 2035, private sector engagement and adoption of innovative mechanized technology in sustainable forest management will be ensured through proper policy provision. * By 2035, at least 60% of Nepal's forests will be under community-based management, ensuring 50% women representation and proportional representation of Dalits and Indigenous People in key posts. Fair and equitable benefits from sustainable forest management, watershed management, and biodiversity conservation will be ensured for Local Communities, women, and Indigenous People. * By 2030, data will be collected and analyzed on trees outside forest, including in urban areas, and urban greenery will be promoted. Reduce forest fire incidents through sustainable management of dead wood and forest residue. Strengthen the capacity of Division Forest Offices and develop a common stakeholder coordination mechanism for regulating and controlling forest fires. * Ensure land use changes are sustainable, and land ownership and rights are strengthened. |
Participation and leadership
|
Mitigation | Land use and forestry |
| Nepal | II. Mitigation: B. Policies and Measures: 5. Other: (i) Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) * A GHG inventory system will be developed for water supply and sanitation services. Climate-resilient WASH guidelines, technical standards, and norms will be updated to reduce GHG emissions in service delivery and maintenance. * Green School Guidelines will be updated by 2030. By 2035, 100% of schools will formulate and implement action plans for green schools with quality WASH facilities. * By 2030, 50% of the population, including women, children, and socially marginalized people, will benefit from safely managed and low-carbon water supply services. **Per information provided by UN-Women Regional and Country Offices, public health education curriculum on WASH includes reference to GEDSI friendly toilets, menstrual health and hygiene, and equality in accessing clean drinking water, among other topics. |
Unpaid care work
Health
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Mitigation | Water resources |
| Nepal | III. Adaptation: Adaptation Priorities: Overarching Adaptation priorities are given below by NAP areas. The total cost of NDC’s adaptation priorities from 2025 to 2035 are estimated to be in the range of USD 18 to 20 billion dollars, which are expected to be met from international climate finance and support. * Target: Ensure all 753 local governments prepare integrated gender responsive Local Adaptation Plans of Action (LAPA). Target Year: 2035. * Target: Adaptation priorities will be synergized with the LAPA framework for localizing adaptation and integrating adaptation into local government level planning processes for addressing the urgent needs of the climate vulnerable people and communities. Target Year: 2035. * Target: Carry out Sectoral Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Nepal in all administrative, physiographic and ecological regions integrating differential vulnerability of climate vulnerable people and communities while taking into consideration the best available climate science. Target Year: 2030. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | III. Adaptation: Adaptation Priorities: Agriculture and Food Security Adaptation priorities are given below by NAP areas. The total cost of NDC’s adaptation priorities from 2025 to 2035 are estimated to be in the range of USD 18 to 20 billion dollars, which are expected to be met from international climate finance and support. (...) * Target: A total of 200 climate-resilient farms will be established by 2030, and this number will cumulatively increase to 500 by 2035. 45,000 households of 80 municipalities will be transitioned towards a resilient agro-ecological based production system. Target Year: 2030, 2035 * Target: Irrigation coverage will be expanded to an additional 463,000 hectares to ensure food and nutrition security. Interbasin water transfer projects will be developed to ensure year-round irrigation in 173,000 ha of agricultural area. Year-round irrigation for farmer and agency managed irrigation system will be ensured through use of reservoirs. Target Year: 2035 * Target: 20 automated groundwater monitoring stations for agriculture fields will be established in Terai districts. Target Year: 2030 * Target: Seasonal, Monthly and Weekly Agro-meteorological advisories will be issued in all 7 provinces by 2030. Target Year: 2030 * Target: Pilot at least two index-based insurance schemes to enhance protection from climate impacts for farmers. Target Year: 2030 **According to ILO data (2024), the agriculture sector accounts for 38.67% of women's employment compared to 17.22% of men's, meaning that measures targeting the agriculture will have a disproportionate impact on women's economic security. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Nepal | III. Adaptation: Adaptation Priorities: Water Resources and Energy (...) Adaptation priorities are given below by NAP areas. The total cost of NDC’s adaptation priorities from 2025 to 2035 are estimated to be in the range of USD 18 to 20 billion dollars, which are expected to be met from international climate finance and support. (...) * Target: 200 rainwater conservation reservoirs and 1,000 water source protection schemes will be implemented to promote multiple uses of spring water schemes. Climate resilient water resources and irrigation infrastructure will be integrated into regulations and guidelines. Target Year: 2030. * Target: Technical training programs on adaptation for 200 technical staff of water resources and irrigation sector including GEDSI aspects will be conducted. Target Year: 2035. (...) * Water supply will be improved through rainwater harvesting, resource protection, and spring conservation & restoration, and watershed health in 20 districts will be enhanced through integrated watershed management projects. Target Year: 2035. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Water resources |
| Nepal | III. Adaptation: Adaptation Priorities: Health, Drinking Water and Sanitation Adaptation priorities are given below by NAP areas. The total cost of NDC’s adaptation priorities from 2025 to 2035 are estimated to be in the range of USD 18 to 20 billion dollars, which are expected to be met from international climate finance and support. (...) * Target: 90% of the population will benefit from safely managed water supply and sanitation services. Target Year: 2030 * Target: 80% of the population will benefit from spring conservation, restoration, and management. Target Year: 2035 * Target: Climate-resilient WASH systems will be developed through various technologies explored in 3,000 vulnerable households, communities, and systems at the local level by 2030, and 5,000 by 2035. Climate-resilient WASH plans will be formulated at all local levels. Target Year: 2030, 2035. * Target: Rainwater harvesting will be implemented in 500,000 households. Real-time groundwater monitoring and early warning systems will be established in 50 locations. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) will be implemented in 15 water-stressed areas. Target Year: 2035 * Target: Climate-resilient WASH service capacities and skill development training sessions will be conducted for stakeholders at local, provincial, and national levels. Target Year: 2035 * Target: By 2030, climate-sensitive disease surveillance will be strengthened in 134 sentinel sites, expanding to all municipalities by 2035. Target Year: 2030, 2035 * Target: 500 health professionals will be trained on climate change and health by 2030, increasing to 5,000 by 2035. Target Year: 2030, 2035 * Target: By 2030, one national and three provincial-level Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments (VAA) will be carried out, increasing to two national and seven provincial-level VAAs by 2035. The Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP) will be updated by 2030. Target Year: 2030, 2035 * Target: The disease burden attributed to ambient and household air pollution will be reduced to 77/100,000 by 2030 and 60/100,000 by 2035. Target Year: 2030, 2035 **Due to the measure setting a near-universal target of 90% access to water supply and sanitation services, women are likely to benefit from this measure. |
Unpaid care work
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Nepal | V. Means of Implementation and Support: Climate finance (...) To enhance direct access to climate finance, Nepal will strengthen national systems, build institutional capacity, strengthen climate rationale, and improve project bankability and readiness for international funding. A robust climate finance tracking and accountability framework will ensure transparency and efficiency in fund allocation. Nepal is committed to inclusivity, with policies integrating considerations of Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) including marginalized communities. Systematic integration of climate policies into provincial and local development plans will align with the decentralized financial management structure established under the constitution. The establishment of a carbon market framework will enable Nepal to participate in carbon trading schemes, generating revenue for climate projects and promoting low-carbon development. A national carbon registry will be developed to effectively track and manage carbon credits, supported by comprehensive carbon marketing guidelines to ensure transparency and efficiency. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | VI. Key considerations for NDC implementation: Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) GEDSI principles aim to ensure that all individuals have equal access to resources, services and decision-making processes, and that their diverse perspectives and needs are considered. Nepal adopts GEDSI principles for inclusive NDC targets and the following policy and measures: * By 2030, the GESI and climate change strategy and action plan will be implemented across all government levels in Nepal by allocating budgets, monitoring mechanisms, and improving institutional mechanisms to ensure effective execution. The institutionalization of GEDSI units and focal points with trained personnel and adequate resources will be carried out, and key acts will be enacted to strengthen institutional capacity for GEDSI priorities in NDC implementation. Capacity building for GESI and climate focal points, including youth and underrepresented groups, will be conducted on GEDSI analysis and integration. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | VI. Key considerations for NDC implementation: Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) GEDSI principles aim to ensure that all individuals have equal access to resources, services and decision-making processes, and that their diverse perspectives and needs are considered. Nepal adopts GEDSI principles for inclusive NDC targets and the following policy and measures: * Marginalized and vulnerable groups, including youth, women, children, persons with disabilities, Indigenous Peoples, Dalits, diverse genders and other minority groups will be involved in climate initiatives. Climate-resilient, GEDSI-responsive adaptation plans will be implemented by local governments by 2030, and GEDSI outcomes, budgeted GEDSI action plans, and annual GEDSI audits will be measured by 2035. The capacity of persons with disabilities to engage in climate action will be strengthened by 2030. (...) * The active involvement of children, youth and other marginalized groups in climate actions will be promoted by operationalizing climate platforms in all government tiers with climate champions in sub-national governments by 2030. GEDSI analysis and concerns will be integrated into climate policies by 2035, ensuring accessibility of climate-related documents and information for persons with disabilities and children. (...) * Youth and other marginalized group-led innovation, research, and MSMEs will be supported for sustainable and climate-resilient development. * Research will be conducted and climate landscape analyses for children, youth and other marginalized groups will be integrated into local planning by 2030, ensuring their specific needs and perspectives are considered. Policies and strategies will be informed by studies on the impact of climate change on marginalized groups by 2030. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | VI. Key considerations for NDC implementation: Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) GEDSI principles aim to ensure that all individuals have equal access to resources, services and decision-making processes, and that their diverse perspectives and needs are considered. Nepal adopts GEDSI principles for inclusive NDC targets and the following policy and measures: * Comprehensive tracking and evaluation of climate initiatives will be ensured by establishing monitoring and evaluation systems by 2030. GEDSI-disaggregated data will be collected and managed, and gender, age, disability, and social exclusion assessments will be integrated into monitoring systems by 2035. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | VI. Key considerations for NDC implementation: Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) GEDSI principles aim to ensure that all individuals have equal access to resources, services and decision-making processes, and that their diverse perspectives and needs are considered. Nepal adopts GEDSI principles for inclusive NDC targets and the following policy and measures: * The provisions related to Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE), and the Lima Work Programme on Gender under the UNFCCC will be incorporated into policies by 2030. (...) * Progress reviews and stock takes of GEDSI Policies or Strategies will be conducted by 2030 to evaluate effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. Inclusive ACE strategy and action plan will be prepared and implemented, emphasizing inclusion and participation of all communities including marginalized groups in climate actions. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | VI. Key considerations for NDC implementation: Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) GEDSI principles aim to ensure that all individuals have equal access to resources, services and decision-making processes, and that their diverse perspectives and needs are considered. Nepal adopts GEDSI principles for inclusive NDC targets and the following policy and measures: * Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) Implementation Guidelines will be implemented effectively by 2030, ensuring meaningful participation of Indigenous Peoples and other marginalized groups in climate projects. Indigenous Peoples’ and other marginalized groups’ customary institutions and practices will be recognized and addressed in policies, plans and programs by 2035. **Per UN Women Regional and Country Offices, FPIC implementation guidelines ensures the participation of women, through social quotas to ensure their voices are heard and included in decision making. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Nepal | II. Mitigation: A. Quantified Mitigation Targets: 1. Energy: (ii) Cooking and Heating • Target: Expand the use of electric cookstoves to 2.1 million households and an additional 15,000 institutions and firms. • Reference value (2024): 400,000 households. • Costs (USD) and Conditionality: Use of electric cookstoves in total 500,000 households and an additional 1,500 institutions are unconditional targets. By 2035: 8.14 million unconditional and 126.3 million conditional. • Target Year: 2035 **The introduction of electric cookstoves is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent collecting fuel, lessening their unpaid care workload. |
Unpaid care work
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Nepal | II. Mitigation: A. Quantified Mitigation Targets: 1. Energy: (ii) Cooking and Heating • Target: Expand the use of improved cookstoves (ICS) to 750,000 households by 2030 and 1 million by 2035 for cooking. • Reference value (2024): 127,703 households. • Costs (USD) and Conditionality: Use of ICS in total 227,703 households by 2030 and 277,703 households by 2035 is an unconditional target. By 2035: 7.38 million unconditional and 35.54 million conditional. Of this, by 2030: 4.92 million unconditional and 25.72 million conditional • Target Year: 2030, 2035. **The introduction of improved cookstoves is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent collecting fuel, lessening their unpaid care workload. |
Unpaid care work
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Nepal | IV. Loss and Damage (...) Nepal is committed to addressing the wide-ranging economic and non-economic climate impacts across sectors, including on infrastructure and human settlements, agriculture and food security, water resources and hydropower, health (including climate-sensitive diseases, and physical and mental health risks), education, ecosystem and biodiversity (including endangered flora and fauna), culture and tourism, as well as employment, businesses (such as MSMEs), livelihood opportunities and labor productivity. Nepal recognizes that climate impacts are more acutely felt by vulnerable groups including women, the differently able, marginalized groups and the economically disadvantaged. (...) Nepal will also ensure that its planning and response to climate change-induced loss and damage will be GEDSI-sensitive. Nepal’s will pursue the following actions related to loss and damage: * Strengthen capacity and institutional landscape, including coordination and synergy, in alignment with national and international mandates related to loss and damage. * Establish and implement a federally integrated framework for data to ensure comprehensive information collection (including on major extreme and slow onset events and their economic and non-economic losses and damages), management, archiving, sharing (including, where possible, transboundary sharing), accessing, and reporting of loss and damage data and information. The data will be disaggregated by gender, disability and other key dimensions. * Enhance its National Framework on Climate Change Induced Loss and Damage to ensure comprehensiveness (including non-economic as well as hazard specific losses and damages) and establish a robust implementation mechanism. * Strengthen and update its relevant policies to ensure the inclusion of climate-induced displacement and risk-sensitive resettlement planning * Strengthen research on extreme events and slow-onset events, including on cascading and compounding hazards and risks. * Strengthen capacity and institutional landscape, including coordination and synergy, in alignment with national and international mandates related to loss and damage. * Strengthen the technical capacity of climate- and disaster risk reduction- relevant government, non-government and private sector institutions to effectively utilize relevant new and emerging technologies. * Integrate and strengthen its loss and damage reporting in its national communications, BTRs and other national reporting systems. * Take measures to strengthen the fiduciary standards and enhance the environmental and social safeguards of designated direct access and implementing entities to fully benefit from the direct, rapid, and simplified access offered by the FRLD. |
Economic security
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Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Niue | 2.12. Adaptation Contribution: 2.12.6 Loss and Damage Niue is already experiencing the effects of climate change manifested as Loss and Damage. Niue recognises challenges associated with addressing loss and damage from slow onset events and addressing NELD. The following strategies identify actions that are urgently required for addressing Loss and Damage, including finance, technology and capacity building. * Priority 1: Niue prioritises to the following: - Adequate capacity and training of a L&D coordinator to manage delivery of activities with support from partners. - State of evidence report developed for Niue through National dialogue. - Development of national relocation guidelines and investment strategy on infrastructure including development of Non-Economic Loss and Damage (NELD) communication products. - Pilot project: Research and engagement of Loss & Damage and Health. * Priority 2: Establish mechanisms to document and analyse Loss and Damage incurred because of climate change and develop a comprehensive national strategy for identifying and addressing climate-induced Loss and Damage in Niue. * Priority 3: Establish an enabling framework for quantifying and monitoring both economic and NELD caused by climate change. * Priority 4: Establish mechanisms to coordinate and channel financial resources for addressing Loss and Damage, ensuring effective and equitable distribution across sectors. * Priority 5: Strengthen the integration of climate resilience measures within sector plans, with a particular emphasis on those sectors most vulnerable to Loss and Damage. * Priority 6: Outline specific measures and strategies to reduce the risk of Loss and Damage caused by climate change. This may involve investing in resilient infrastructure and planned relocation, disaster risk reduction, ecosystem restoration, and community-based adaptation initiatives. * Priority 7: Enhance community-based resilience through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods, diversified economic activities, and improved social safety nets. * Priority 8: Implement capacity-building programmes to enhance Niue's ability to assess, address, and respond to both rapid-onset and slow-onset climate events. * Priority 9: Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the country's vulnerability to climate change impacts, including extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and other climate-related risks and identify communities, and sectors most susceptible to Loss and Damage. * Priority 10: Ensure that the design and construction of public and other major infrastructure and development projects consider current and projected risks to minimise Loss and Damage, through climate-resilience planning. * Priority 11: Improve climate change related economic and NELD data collection (where possible in a gender-differentiated manner), analysis, monitoring, and observation systems. This can be achieved by institutionalising and strengthening national capacity to collect and analyse data in a systematic manner. This could be done by developing tools and methods in estimating Loss and Damage and their associated costs. * Priority 12: Build on existing climate change policies and strategies, to develop new and/or revised policies to take Loss and Damage into account. * Priority 13: Explore and establish enabling mechanisms for easier accessibility to the proposed global Loss and Damage Fund, to assist in covering the costs associated with Loss and Damage. This may involve national institutional strengthening (policy and planning). * Priority 14: Articulate the scale of Loss and Damage finance needs: identify ways to strengthen existing financing mechanisms if relevant; expand innovative, pro-poor, people-centred financial instruments; and more importantly, call for enhanced international support beyond adaptation, especially the provision of and access to finance. **Measures addressing non-economic loss and damage are likely to benefit women by addressing the social, cultural, and wellbeing impacts of climate change—areas where they are often most affected yet overlooked in recovery efforts. |
Economic security
|
Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Niue | 2.12: Adaptation Contribution: 2.12.11 Gender and social inclusion Niue recognises that climate vulnerability and its impacts not only exacerbate gender inequality, but reinforce social power asymmetries, norms, and practices that constrain progress towards gender and social inclusion. Niue’s commitments in this sector are outlined in the table below. * Priority 1: Strategies: Uphold gender equity and responsiveness when planning and implementing climate action and solutions that are responsive to the different risks and needs of all people (inclusive of women, girls, men, boys, youth, and people with disability) to increase resilience for all. Conditionality: Conditional on finance. Budget (USD): 100,000 |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Niue | 2.12: Adaptation Contribution: 2.12.11 Gender and social inclusion Niue recognises that climate vulnerability and its impacts not only exacerbate gender inequality, but reinforce social power asymmetries, norms, and practices that constrain progress towards gender and social inclusion. Niue’s commitments in this sector are outlined in the table below. (...) * Priority 2: Strategies: Empower individuals as catalysts for change, fostering inclusivity in climate action initiatives, and providing equal opportunities for leadership in community-driven efforts for mitigation, adaptation, and response to loss and damage. Review and update the Niue Gender Policy and develop tangible steps to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women. (...) Conditionality: Conditional on finance. Budget (USD): 500,000 |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Niue | 2.12: Adaptation Contribution: 2.12.11 Gender and social inclusion Niue recognises that climate vulnerability and its impacts not only exacerbate gender inequality, but reinforce social power asymmetries, norms, and practices that constrain progress towards gender and social inclusion. Niue’s commitments in this sector are outlined in the table below. (...) * Priority 5: Strategies: Ensure an appropriate environmental and social safeguards framework is in place and develop appropriate social protection infrastructure and systems to reduce climate shocks and indirect and direct natural disasters. Conditionality: Conditional on finance. Budget (USD): 2,000,000 |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Other |
| Niue | 2.12: Adaptation Contribution: 2.12.11 Gender and social inclusion Niue recognises that climate vulnerability and its impacts not only exacerbate gender inequality, but reinforce social power asymmetries, norms, and practices that constrain progress towards gender and social inclusion. Niue’s commitments in this sector are outlined in the table below. (...) * Priority 3: Strategies: Develop, strengthen and integrate the inclusion of people with disability in national climate decision-making processes (involving planning and programme implementation) which directly and indirectly affect their lives. This includes identifying barriers to adapting to climate change, enhancing access and applying an integrated approach to ensure appropriate support networks are in place for their families and community. Conditionality: Conditional on finance. Budget (USD): 1,000,000 **Women are likely to benefit from measures supporting networks for persons with disabilities and their families because women are often primary caregivers, and stronger support systems can reduce their unpaid care work through improving access to resources and services. |
Unpaid care work
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Niue | 2.12: Adaptation Contribution: 2.12.11 Gender and social inclusion Niue recognises that climate vulnerability and its impacts not only exacerbate gender inequality, but reinforce social power asymmetries, norms, and practices that constrain progress towards gender and social inclusion. Niue’s commitments in this sector are outlined in the table below. (...) * Priority 4: Strategies: Uphold Niue's global and regional obligations regarding gender equality, human rights, and climate change by strengthening systems, policies and strategies to foster and enhance all genders. Conditionality: Conditional on finance. Budget (USD): 250,000 |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Norway | Information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding (ICTU) of Norway's NDC for 2035: 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender equality: The Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act entered into force in 2018. The Act's purpose is to promote gender equality. The Act provides protection against discrimination on the basis of gender, pregnancy, leave in connection with birth or adoption and care responsibilities. Women and men are to be given equal opportunities in education and work, and in their cultural and professional development. Norway actively works to promote women's rights and participation in climate policy within the international climate negotiations. Norway is also committed to promoting gender balance and diversity in national delegations to the climate negotiations. |
Participation and leadership
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution: 3: Scope and coverage: (d) Mitigation economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives: (...) The residential sector will benefit from substantial support in the field of energy efficiency through the September 2024 allocation of a €20.6 million financing package from Germany, Norway, and EU. The resources aim to support the implementation of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Moldova’ Project, financed with €5 million by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented by the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ), which aims to strengthen energy security, reduce GHG emissions, and identify sustainable solutions for the residential sector. The project will provide extensive consultancy to the Ministry of Energy, NCSE, and local public authorities, serving as a platform for initiatives presented by other development partners. The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) will co-finance the project with €12.6 million from the Nansen Support Program. Norwegian support includes non-reimbursable funding for the EcoVoucher Program (launched in October 2023 with an initial budget of $5.8 million). The EU will co-finance the project with €3 million, including a non-refundable €1 million for the energy renovation of individual houses inhabited by extremely vulnerable families from an energy point of view and €2 million to support capacity strengthening and the exchange of experiences and information for state institutions. **Amongst its goals, the Project aimst to improve women's empowerment through renewable energy programmes. |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Republic of Moldova | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution: 3: Scope and coverage: (d) Mitigation economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives: (...) In the same context, on 16 October 2024, the government approved the draft Law on Ratification of the Loan Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) for the Implementation of the "Sustainable Transition through Energy Efficiency in Moldova (STEEM)"Project. Over the next five years, about $55 million will be invested in the energy efficiency of public buildings, modernization of the thermal energy supply system, and response measures in emergency situations. Under STEEM, 46 schools across the country will benefit from renovation works that include thermal insulation of walls and roofs, replacement of windows and doors, and modernization of heating and lighting systems. Heat pumps and PV panels will also be installed to increase energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. STEEM will also improve the energy efficiency of the heat supply system in public buildings, including 11 schools, by installing approximately 350 individual heat points and reconfiguring the heat supply network from the centralized system. In addition, emergency response measures will be implemented. The project will improve study conditions for around 46,000 students, teachers, and support staff and bring significant energy savings. It is estimated that the renovation and modernization works will reduce energy consumption in the buildings concerned by up to 65 percent. From the total project budget of $54.5 million, $50 million will be granted in the form of a loan by the IBRD, and $4.5 million in the form of a grant by the multi-donor trust fund Moldova Growth, Resilience and Opportunities for Welfare (M-GROW). **The project sets two gender-specific targets that aim to build women's capacity in the energy sector through the "Women in Energy Sector Internship Program." |
Economic security
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Mitigation | Energy |
| Republic of Moldova | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution: 3: Scope and coverage: (d) Mitigation economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives: (...) The Moldova Solid Waste Project, approved on 30 November 2022 and funded by the EBRD, will finance priority investments to improve solid waste management services across the country and establish integrated solid waste management systems in three WMRs. The project is an important step towards sustainable solid waste management services in Moldova. The total capital project expenditure is expected to be about €68.1 million. (...) The project will support the effective governance of solid waste management through consolidation and expansion of such services, introduction of cost recovery charges for the users of infrastructure, and adoption of public service contracts to establish transparent contractual arrangements for solid waste service provision. It will also promote "green" impacts by establishing more sustainable solid waste management practices in line with EU environmental standards and bringing substantial environmental benefits by reducing CO2 and CH4 emissions(...) The project includes the construction of a landfill as well as a sorting and composting station in the city of Cahul, the closure of the old landfill in Cahul, and the construction of transfer stations in Cania, Taraclia, and Comrat. Modern transport, sorting, recycling, and composting equipment will also be purchased, including dumpsters, containers, and vehicles. **The Moldova Solid Waste Project will introduce gender-responsive recruitment policies and support the progression and retention of women in the waste sector, and will carry out an awareness campaign to address women's disproportionate domestic work dealing with waste at the household level. |
Economic security
Unpaid care work
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Mitigation | Waste |
| Republic of Moldova | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution: 6. How Moldova believes that its Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0 is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances (b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity: ( ...) Given these factors, and recognizing the importance of a "just energy transition" in addressing the root causes of the energy crisis and ensuring a sustainable future, a four-year program called "Accelerating a Just Transition in the Republic of Moldova" was launched in 2023 by the UNDP Country Office, with a total budget of $20.675 million, funded by Italy and Sweden. Its objectives are to accelerate energy diversification and efficiency, decarbonize industries and economic sectors, foster sustainable consumption patterns, strengthen inclusive energy governance, address energy vulnerability, and promote resilience. To ensure its “just transition”, Moldova is also counting on the technical and financial support available through the EU’s pre-accession programs, such as IPARD, which can help unlock green trade opportunities for Moldova. Moldova’s strengths relate to low-complexity green products in areas of efficient consumption of energy technologies, carbon capture and storage, health and energy management, renewable energy, waste management and wastewater management. Preliminary analyses suggest that Moldova could venture into new green export markets that are well-aligned with its existing capabilities in renewable energy, environmentally friendly consumer products, natural resource and waste management. Developing these areas and ensuring measures to promote women's access to emerging occupation and gender equality can also help increase women’s participation in the formal sector in emerging green industries, particularly given their relatively strong representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | 3: Adaptation: 3.3: Planning: Policy Framework The overarching National Development Strategy (NDS) “European Moldova - 2030” (2022) sets the strategic development vision and includes the country’s development priorities to achieve by 2030, captured in 4 areas: 1. Sustainable and inclusive economic development 2. Long-term human and social capital 3. Honest and efficient institutions 4. A healthy environment The NDS reflects the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is in line with the following strategic objectives that are to be implemented by 2030: 1. ensuring resilience to climate change by reducing climate change related risks (SDG 13.1); 2. reducing water pollution, including through land-based activities (SDG 14.1); 3. combating soil degradation (SDG 15.3); 4. integrating biodiversity values into policies (SDG 15.9); 5. implementing sustainable forest management and increasing afforestation and reforestation (SDG 15.2). The NDS confirms the European aspirations as established in the EU Association Agreement. The Implementation of the NDS is also supported by the “Program for the promotion of the green and circular economy for 2024-2028 and the Action Plan for its implementation”. To strengthen the NDS, gender considerations should be mainstreamed in all areas. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | 3: Adaptation: 3.3: Planning: Policy Framework (...) The National Strategy on Disaster Risk Reduction until 2030 is based on the provisions of the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction for the period 2015‐2030. The aim of the Strategy is to establish a comprehensive framework to mobilize and strengthen the efforts of the relevant structures in the public and private sectors, civil society and citizens to strengthen resilience to the impact of possible disasters, both natural and man-made, at national, territorial and local levels, as well as the establishment of effective mechanisms to reduce the risks of disasters, ensure a prompt and adequate response in the event of their occurrence, and the subsequent restoration of the consequences of disasters. The National Strategy should incorporate gender‐ and age ‐responsive approaches, ensuring that disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate adaptation efforts address the needs of women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities, as this will contribute to more inclusive and effective disaster management. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Republic of Moldova | 3. Adaptation: 3.4 Implementation: Experiences and Good Practices from other Projects (...) “Talent Retention and Rural Transformation Project” (2021-2027). Total cost of US$ 50.5 million. The objective of the project is to enable the rural poor, especially youth, women, and smallholders, to increase their productive capacity, resilience to economic, environmental, and climate-related risks, and access to markets. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | 3. Adaptation: 3.4 Implementation: Experiences and Good Practices from other Projects (...) “Moldova Water Security and Sanitation Project” (2022-2027), with a Loan by the World Bank US$50 million, and further contributions by ADA. The project plans to increase access to safely managed water supply and sanitation and WASH services in selected rural areas and towns, expanding access and quality of services for households, businesses, and public institutions and supporting resilience. **The measure includes several gender-specific targets aiming to improve women's employment in the water and supply sector, including quotas for women's participation in training programs and jobs, as well as efforts to improve access to menstrual hygiene facilities in schools and healthcare facilities. |
Economic security
Health
|
Adaptation | Water resources |
| Republic of Moldova | 3. Adaptation: 3.4 Implementation: Experiences and Good Practices from other Projects (...) “Sustainable and Resilient Communities through Women Empowerment (Phase 1)" (2020–2024). Funded with a grant of US$ 3.175 million from Sweden, this project aimed to enhance the resilience of rural women, who are disproportionately affected by climate change. It focused on improving access to alternative income-generating activities, support services, and knowledge on sustainable management of natural and agricultural resources. The initiative covered regions including Nisporeni, Calarasi, Basarabeasca, Leova, ATU Gagauzia, and the left bank of the Dniester River. "Resilient Communities through Women Empowerment (Phase 2)" (2024–2028). Building upon the first phase, this ongoing project is supported by Sweden and Norway with a budget of US$ 8.461 million. It aims to further integrate gender aspects into climate policies, strengthen women's leadership in climate action, and promote gender-sensitive climate solutions. The project collaborates with the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Energy, environmental NGOs, women agri-producers, local public authorities, and business incubators across the Republic of Moldova. |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | 3. Adaptation: 3.4 Implementation: Experiences and Good Practices from other Projects (...) "Women in Sustainable Development Moldova" Initiative (2020 – Present). This project focuses on implementing a climate-resilient ecological sanitation model in rural areas, treating grey and black water to improve sanitation and reduce environmental impact. By 2024, the initiative had received funding of approximately US$ 3.17 million from Sweden. The project not only addresses environmental challenges but also empowers women in sustainable development practices. **The initiative implements a climate-resilient ecological sanitation system that treats grey and black water through sustainable methods. By improving water efficiency and providing safe, private, and hygienic sanitation facilities, it enhances health conditions and supports girls’ school attendance in rural communities. |
Unpaid care work
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Republic of Moldova | 3. Adaptation: 3.5 Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (...) It is proposed that the NCCC provides the institutional framework for monitoring, reporting and verification of the national process of adaptation to climate change, in collaboration with central public authorities, the private sector and civil society. The monitoring of the implementation of the NCCAP is carried out by the Ministry of Environment, which will periodically assess the degree of achievement of indicators and objectives. The administration of the database, the monitoring and reporting of indicators, as well as the development of the annual report on the progress made in the field of climate change are proposed to be carried out by Climate Change Policy Section. To ensure accountability, gender‐responsive data will be integrated into reports for priority sectors, tracking women’s participation in decision‐making and access to adaptation resources. As capacity grows, this will expand to other sectors, supported by gender audits and transparent reporting to strengthen adaptation efforts at all levels. Based on the information collected, annual progress report will be developed. An interim evaluation by 2027, and a final evaluation by 2031 are planned. The annual progress reports and evaluation reports will be discussed in the NCCC and then presented to the Government for examination. The Ministry of Environment will publish the annual and the interim progress reports and final evaluation reports of the Programme on the authority's official website. These reports will include a section that evaluates the integration of gender‐related objectives into climate adaptation actions, focusing on measurable outcomes in priority sectors. The evaluation will assess whether these actions have effectively addressed the specific needs of both men and women, particularly in vulnerable communities, and provide recommendations for improving gender responsiveness based on available data. |
Gender mainstreaming
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 1. Development of climate change adaptation capacities and cross‐sectoral cooperation Priority action 1.1. Operationalize the coordination mechanism for climate adaptation (3 actions, summarized) Gender Consideration for Priority Action 1.1: To ensure inclusive participation in climate governance, at least 30% of representatives in the NCCC and technical working groups should be women, reflecting gender‐balanced decision‐making in climate adaptation efforts. * Action 1.1.1: Update the regulatory framework to reflect the institutional changes and to ensure representation in the NCCC of relevant institutions from all priority sectors for adaptation to climate change * Action 1.1.2: Develop and adopt clear regulations for the NCCC, its technical committees and secretariat * Action 1.1.3: Implementation of a national system for climate change adaptation monitoring and assessing |
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 1. Development of climate change adaptation capacities and cross‐sectoral cooperation (...) Priority action 1.3. Ensure continuous targeted capacity building trainings for CCA policy implementation (4 actions) * Action 1.3.1: Deliver capacity building trainings related to CC for key staff from sectoral ministries and agencies, with a gender quota ensuring at least 40% female participation in leadership training. * Action 1.3.2: Implement targeted training of trainer programs on policy development, coordination, integration, communication and project management for designated staff * Action 1.3.3: Organizing trainings for civil servants and LPAs, on risks and climate vulnerabilities and integrating CCA aspects into strategic planning and sectoral and local budgeting * Action 1.3.4: Integrate CCA and DRR into university curricula |
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 2. Raising awareness on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction through reliable and accessible information (...) Priority action 2.4. Increase awareness and preparedness of decision makers and general public on climate‐related risks and possibilities for adaptation (6 actions) Action 2.4.1: Implement a national information campaign explaining the needs and perspective of CCA and DRR, ensuring gender‐sensitive messaging that reaches women, persons with disabilities, and marginalized groups. Action 2.4.2: Develop and implement on‐site training programs focused on climate impacts and climate vulnerability assessment methodologies and approaches Action 2.4.3: Development of the Methodology for climate risk assessment Action 2.4.4: Assessment of 4 prioritized risks for the national context Action 2.4.5: Development of climate risks scenarios and assessment of the impact on vulnerable regions and priority sectors Action 2.4.6: Expand the use of Climate Services in the targeted sectors, ensuring early warning systems prioritize gender‐sensitive communication, such as reaching women through local women's networks. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Disasters |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 3. Expand budgeting for climate change adaptation and increase resilience Priority action 3.1. Mainstreaming of CCA considerations into the sectoral budgets and ensuring financial and operational cross‐sectorial synergies *Action 3.1.1: Incorporate climate change indicators into planning and budgeting frameworks, ensuring adaptation funds allocate at least 15% to gender‐responsive projects. *Action 3.1.2: Develop and apply guidance on integration of climate considerations in the sectoral budgets |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 4. Mainstreaming of CCA and DRR in the sectoral strategic and investment planning at national and local levels (...) Priority action 4.3. Gender integration into CCA and DRM planning, and promotion of community‐based adaptation action * Action 4.3.1: Conduct an in‐depth cross‐sectoral analysis of the impact of climate change on vulnerable groups, including a specific focus on gender‐differentiated vulnerabilities |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 4. Mainstreaming of CCA and DRR in the sectoral strategic and investment planning at national and local levels (...) Priority action 4.3. Gender integration into CCA and DRM planning, and promotion of community‐based adaptation action (...) * Action 4.3.2: Develop a 4‐year gender‐responsive communication strategy to generate and increase awareness on climate related risks and hazards, as well as adaptation and risk reduction options |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 4. Mainstreaming of CCA and DRR in the sectoral strategic and investment planning at national and local levels (...) Priority action 4.3. Gender integration into CCA and DRM planning, and promotion of community‐based adaptation action * Action 4.3.3: Identify and assess monitoring indicators, including gender‐responsive indicators and disaggregation of data by gender to track the differentiated impacts of climate adaptation efforts on women, men, and vulnerable groups |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 5. Increasing the resilience of priority sectors by financing activities in the field of climate change adaptation and reducing risks and adverse impacts of climate hazards Priority action 5.1. Adaptation of the AGRICULTURE sector to climate change by implementing complex agricultural practices, modern adaptation technologies and soil conservation (4 actions) * Action 5.1.1: Stimulate the construction of rainwater collection basins for irrigation * Action 5.1.2: Implement digital agricultural technologies both in the open field and in protected areas * Action 5.1.3: Create and maintain the genetic fund for agricultural crops * Action 5.1.4: Promote subsidizing agricultural producer groups on the basis of climate resilience development programs, ensuring that at least 40% of subsidies target women‐led agricultural initiatives. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 5. Increasing the resilience of priority sectors by financing activities in the field of climate change adaptation and reducing risks and adverse impacts of climate hazards Priority action 5.3. Adaptation of the FORESTRY sector to climate change through complex biodiversity conservation practices and ecosystem‐based approach (14 actions) * Action 5.3.1: Development of normative regulations for the practices of carbon stock conservation in forests and their incorporation in the forest management * Action 5.3.2: Adapting forest regeneration regulations and practices to the needs of climate change * Action 5.3.3: Improving the capacity of public forestry consultancy services with respect to climate change impacts and adaptation options * Action 5.3.4: Strengthening the information system on state and evolution of forests in the Republic of Moldova by conducting the National Forest Inventory * Action 5.3.5: Adapting practices of logging in the country's forests to climate change, ensuring the inclusion of women in decision‐making, forest resource management, and climate‐adaptive logging practices. * Action 5.3.6: Targeted use of modern biotechnologies for the propagation of vegetative material to provide the forestry sector with reproductive material in the new climatic conditions * Action 5.3.7: Creation and/or rehabilitation of silvo‐pastoral and agroforestry systems * Action 5.3.8: Creation and reconstruction of green spaces in urban and rural localities * Action 5.3.9: Afforestation of riparian strips of rivers and water basins * Action 5.3.10: Increasing the afforestation degree of the country through planting forest crops resilient to climate change * Action 5.3.11: Creation and consolidation of systems of forest belts for the protection of agricultural fields and roads * Action 5.3.12: Ecological reconstruction of trees that are inconsistent and vulnerable to climate change * Action 5.3.13: Implementation of the forest regime in all forests and forest vegetation regardless of departmental affiliation and nature of property, through development of forestry management plans * Action 5.3.14: Conducting fundamental and applied research to identify interactions related to climate change, forest species and appropriate management strategies of forestry ecosystems |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Land use and forestry |
| Republic of Moldova | Annex 1: Action Plan to the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme Until 2030 (...) Specific Objective 5. Increasing the resilience of priority sectors by financing activities in the field of climate change adaptation and reducing risks and adverse impacts of climate hazards (...) Priority action 5.6. Adaptation of the WATER sector to CC through efficient resource use, ensuring its quality and quantity and reducing the floods risk (13 actions) * Action 5.6.1: Ensure populations with data and functionality of the Information System State Water Cadaster * Action 5.6.2: Secure regular, country‐wide (basin / sub‐basin based) water use balance assessment, by using modern modeling tools * Action 5.6.3: Undertake the assessment of the use of controlled flood * Action 5.6.4: Revision of the norms for water supply and sanitations for settlements * Action 5.6.5: Increase the level of water recycling for industrial and domestic needs; promote cleaner production practice * Action 5.6.6: Secure / enforce authorized water use, the measurements of water traffic * Action 5.6.7: Adopt better water demand management measures by reinstatement of use of existing relevant instruments, ensuring equitable access to water resources and decision‐making opportunities for women in community‐based water management. * Action 5.6.8: Integrate CC resilience aspects into the design of water treatment and wastewater treatment facilities * Action 5.6.9: Revitalization of natural wetlands, as well as restoration of small rivers natural shoreline * Action 5.6.10: Optimization of the number of dams built on Nistru and Prut tributaries * Action 5.6.11: Establish Public‐Private Partnership for rainwater harvesting or water‐reuse initiatives * Action 5.6.12: Flood / Flash flood control infrastructure rehabilitated / created * Action 5.6.13: Hydrological posts on principal Pruth and Dniester tributaries established and equipped, and manpower secured |
Unpaid care work
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Republic of Moldova | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution: 6. How Moldova believes that its Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0 is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances (b) Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity: (...) In 2023, the Just Transition Work Program (JTWP) was agreed at COP28. The just transition is the strategy to make sure that vital climate action is delivered with full respect for labor and human rights so that existing inequalities are not widened ("leaving no one behind"). It is also the strategy to maximize the socioeconomic gains from climate actions, particularly for those often excluded in today's global economy, notably women and young people ("bringing everyone along"). The JTWP's priorities include: * Just transition pathways: Understanding of net-zero pathways has grown, but there is still a lack of similar forward-looking assessments or strategies for the socioeconomic, workforce, and other dimensions, resulting in the lack of a shared direction of travel. Developing and sharing these is where the JTWP could have real value, helping to sequence action to avoid disruption, identify barriers, and seize opportunities. * Adaptation and resilience: The just transition is equally as relevant for achieving resilience to increasing climate shocks as it is for mitigating them, not least in terms of providing social protection for workers and communities impacted by both extreme and slow-onset events. * Workforce transitions: The work program emphasizes the importance of "Decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities, including through social dialogue, social protection and the recognition of labor rights. * Inclusion and participation: Inclusive and participatory approaches are identified by the program as a key element, and promoting effective models could prove transformational. The transition needs meaningful participation by key stakeholders such as workers; local communities; micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises; consumers; and across all of these, women and young people. * International cooperation: The JTWP also points to international cooperation as an enabler of further action, highlighting the opportunities, challenges, and barriers relating to sustainable development and poverty eradication from global transitions. (p.40) (...) A Just transition approach is necessary to ensure that decarbonization and adaptation policies do not further exacerbate existing inequalities and social exclusion, and instead actively support vulnerable and marginalized groups, maximizing opportunities for decent work creation. The distributional impacts of climate change and climate policies differ according to income group, administrative unit (depending on the regional development level), gender, and a wide range of socioeconomic determinants of vulnerability and social exclusion. Just transition is relevant across sectors from agriculture, to energy, to forestry to infrastructure, and the approach of maximizing social and decent work opportunities and minimizing and addressing potential adverse impacts would be applied across sectors. The estimated employment losses, calculated by income tier, also have intersectional outcomes that disproportionately affect women or minority groups, including refugees, minorities, persons with disabilities, and the elderly. Legal labor market protections, social protection programs and active labor market programmes, can help address such vulnerabilities, along with measures on skill development provision and enabling service support. (p.43) |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Mitigation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | 3. Adaptation: 3.5 Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (...) To ensure gender responsiveness, the M&E system will track gender‐disaggregated data to assess how men, women, and vulnerable groups experience and respond to climate impacts. This approach is crucial for designing adaptive policies that are inclusive and equitable. The monitoring framework includes process-level results on coordination, integration of CCA into sectoral policies (especially in the agreed priority sectors of agriculture, forestry, energy, transport, water resources and health), capacity development and knowledge management. The indicators of the NAP M&E framework refer to 3 levels of results: macro (cumulative impact at national level); meso (result at sector or region/district level); and Micro (result at the level of projects, programs). These will provide information about: 1) Climate impact or risks: impacts that changing climate parameters may have on socioeconomic and ecological systems. 2) Adaptation actions: information about measures that are implemented to prevent adverse effects on climate change. 3) Adaptation results: information and assessments of the results of taken adaptation actions. 4) Processes: Information about processes such as coordination, capacity development, knowledge management and integration of CCA aspects into sectoral policies, which improve adaptive capacity and influence adaptation actions and outcomes. Special attention should be given to how these processes impact gender equality, especially in sectors like agriculture, health, and water resources. (...) |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Republic of Moldova | Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution: 4: Planning processes: (d) Mitigation co-benefits from adaptation actions The adaptation priorities by sector and actions in Moldova are defined as follows: (...) Critical Infrastructure: (...) improve the rural population's access to a climate-resilient road system that considers social, age, and gender issues; promote water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources; improve climate protection of the energy system infrastructure; ensure operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions; and accelerate regional power market integration. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Infrastructure |
| Solomon Islands | 4. Adaptation: 4.3 Agriculture and food systems (...) These areas are predominantly governed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAL) and provincial extensions following the Agricultural Sector Growth Strategy and Investment Plan 2021-2030. Within this strategy and investment plan are four primary programmes to increase food productivity, the resilience of crops, and improve food supply chains, where all programmes incorporate climate-smart practices to different degrees. At the institutional level, national policies and international aid initiatives have played a crucial role in enhancing food security and climate adaptation. Regional initiatives and government-led food security strategies aim to integrate climate resilience into agriculture and fisheries. However, insufficient funding, and fragmented governance continue to hinder large-scale implementation of adaptive strategies. **Gender is integrated throughout the Agricultural Sector Growth Strategy and Investment Plan 2021-2030, including specifically in Component 1.3.4 - Women Development, which focuses on women agricultural extension services (WAES) and capacity building. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Solomon Islands | 5. Loss and Damage (...) The Solomon Islands is ranked number 33 out of 193 countries, the top 17% of countries with disaster and vulnerability risks, in the World Risk Report 2023, primarily due to exposure risks and lack of adaptive capacities. While the 2017 Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (PCRAFI) report on the Solomon Islands indicated that average annual combined direct and emergency losses from tropical cyclones are expected to be USD 7.1m (in 2017 USD) with up to 63 casualties. While a once-in-50-year tropical cyclone event is expected to deliver combined losses of USD 54.7m with up to 489 casualties, and a 100-year event with combined losses of USD 78.6m with up to 691 casualties. In addition, the report indicated that there is a 77% chance that disaster loss will exceed the national budget allocated to the National Disaster Council Fund for response on an average annual basis. Further support for national and regional assessment is needed to update risk profiles and potential for future loss and damage across the Solomon Islands, noting that the PCRAFI report is 8 years old and was prepared before the average global temperature reached 1.55°c above pre-industrial levels in 2024. Besides future losses due to damage from tropical cyclones and acute severe weather disasters, other future losses are expected to be caused by sustained temperature rise in terrestrial areas, increased ocean temperature, and changes in precipitation. Noting the potential for variations across the nine provinces of the Solomon Islands, areas where the Solomon Islands are expected to face future economic losses due to damages caused by climate change are in agriculture and blue economy where commodities such as round wood, processed and frozen fish, palm oil, and coconut derived products make up 73% of national exports and 24% of GDP in 2023.58 Non-economic losses also occur, which include loss of culturally important areas, traditional knowledge, and loss of life. Especially since the Solomon Islands has numerous subcultures throughout its nine provinces, evidenced by 95 different languages. **Measures addressing non-economic loss and damage are likely to benefit women by addressing the social, cultural, and wellbeing impacts of climate change—areas where they are often most affected yet overlooked in recovery efforts. The Solomon Islands faces significant socio-economic challenges, including high levels of poverty, gender inequality, limited access to social protection, and youth unemployment. Approximately 35% of the population is multi-dimensionally poor, a figure much higher than other Pacific Island Countries. Climatic shocks further exacerbate vulnerabilities, as affected groups have limited resources and are less capable of recovering from both urgent and slow-onset events in the Solomon Islands. The absence of a comprehensive social protection system offers both challenges and opportunities for building a climate smart framework and addressing losses. Collaboration between government ministries and partners aims to develop social protection frameworks, including collecting relevant data, supporting green skills, and managing the social service workforce. Though significantly more support is needed, these envisioned efforts also encompass creating a single registry for streamlined case management and implementing climate shock-responsive and child-sensitive social protection approaches that can help identify and quantify socio-economic losses due to climate change. |
Economic security
|
Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Solomon Islands | 6. Children, Youth and Gender (...) These cross-cutting impacts are addressed under at least a dozen different policies and action plans, where the most notable are the National Gender Equality and Women's Development Policy 2016-2020, National Youth Policy 2017-2030, and National Children's Policy 2023-2028. To further explore these impacts, the Ministry of Women, Youth, Children & Family Affairs (MWYCFA), MECDM, and UNICEF organised a national consultation to help inform this NDC and for the inclusion into climate actions. The valued outputs of the workshop propose the following activities for enhanced inclusion: (...) * Develop climate policies that address gender-specific vulnerabilities. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Solomon Islands | 6. Children, Youth and Gender (...) These cross-cutting impacts are addressed under at least a dozen different policies and action plans, where the most notable are the National Gender Equality and Women's Development Policy 2016-2020, National Youth Policy 2017-2030, and National Children's Policy 2023-2028. To further explore these impacts, the Ministry of Women, Youth, Children & Family Affairs (MWYCFA), MECDM, and UNICEF organised a national consultation to help inform this NDC and for the inclusion into climate actions. The valued outputs of the workshop propose the following activities for enhanced inclusion: (...) * Develop indicators to track the participation and impact of children, youth, and women in NDCs. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Solomon Islands | 6. Children, Youth and Gender (...) These cross-cutting impacts are addressed under at least a dozen different policies and action plans, where the most notable are the National Gender Equality and Women's Development Policy 2016-2020, National Youth Policy 2017-2030, and National Children's Policy 2023-2028. To further explore these impacts, the Ministry of Women, Youth, Children & Family Affairs (MWYCFA), MECDM, and UNICEF organised a national consultation to help inform this NDC and for the inclusion into climate actions. The valued outputs of the workshop propose the following activities for enhanced inclusion: (...) * Partnership with SINU to develop climate change short courses to increase awareness and training programmes to improve green skills and promote youth- and women-led climate resilience. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Solomon Islands | 6. Children, Youth and Gender (...) These cross-cutting impacts are addressed under at least a dozen different policies and action plans, where the most notable are the National Gender Equality and Women's Development Policy 2016-2020, National Youth Policy 2017-2030, and National Children's Policy 2023-2028. To further explore these impacts, the Ministry of Women, Youth, Children & Family Affairs (MWYCFA), MECDM, and UNICEF organised a national consultation to help inform this NDC and for the inclusion into climate actions. The valued outputs of the workshop propose the following activities for enhanced inclusion: (...) * Ensure equal access to climate adaptation resources and technologies. (...) * Provide training and support for women in climate science, policy, and engineering (possibly coupled with implementation of climate mitigation and adaptation projects). * Encourage women's participation in climate resilience projects. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Solomon Islands | 6. Children, Youth and Gender (...) These cross-cutting impacts are addressed under at least a dozen different policies and action plans, where the most notable are the National Gender Equality and Women's Development Policy 2016-2020, National Youth Policy 2017-2030, and National Children's Policy 2023-2028. To further explore these impacts, the Ministry of Women, Youth, Children & Family Affairs (MWYCFA), MECDM, and UNICEF organised a national consultation to help inform this NDC and for the inclusion into climate actions. The valued outputs of the workshop propose the following activities for enhanced inclusion: (...) * Ensure representation of young people and women in climate negotiations, project development and decision-making processes. * Promote and support youth-led and women-led climate initiatives, role models and campaigns. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 4. Adaptation: 4.1 Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food Security (...) From a gender perspective, women in Somalia, who are disproportionally affected by climate change, due to their roles in the household food production, agriculture and energy management, face significant barriers to adaptation. These include limited access to land, credit, agricultural inputs (seeds), information about climate adaptation strategies, and practices. Addressing those challenges is critical to ensure effective and inclusive climate response. The focus will be on sustainable conflict sensitive agricultural development, food systems resilience, and improved nutrition outcomes, with emphasis on inputs and production through a combination of climate-smart, gender-responsive actions as follows: * Enhancing land and crop productivity through promotion of climate resilient technologies; drought tolerant crop varieties and seed systems; conservation tillage; crop diversification and rotation; agroforestry systems; developing rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems (including seeds, fertilizer etc); and development of climate resilient value chains. * Sustainable livestock management systems including restoration of degraded pastures; promotion of sustainable grazing systems and fodder production; expansion of veterinary services to improve livestock health; promotion of climate resilient livestock practices; introducing livestock insurance; and improving livestock value chains. * Improving fishery productivity through promotion of marine aquaculture; strengthening governance and comanagement; promotion of sustainable capture fishery practices; adaptive fishing techniques; strengthening Early Warning Systems (EWS) and surveillance; strengthening enforcement systems; establishing fish landing ports, market access and value chain development. * Integrating conflict sensitivity into climate-resilient agriculture interventions by conducting conflict risk assessments during project design and implementation; promoting inclusive and transparent stakeholder engagement, particularly in resource allocation and governance; supporting community-based mechanisms for land, water, and resource dispute resolution; leveraging traditional institutions for collaborative natural resource management; and targeting livelihood support to vulnerable and marginalized groups to enhance social cohesion and reduce conflict risks * Empower women in climate-vulnerable communities by improving access to agricultural resources, climate adaptation information, livelihood opportunities in key sectors (agriculture, livestock, fisheries), and meaningful participation in natural resource governance and peacebuilding processes. |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Somalia | 4. Adaptation: 4.2 Water Resource Management The planned adaptation actions in water resources management will focus on availability and access to water for people and livestock; developing water for irrigation; and water governance. The required investment in the sector is estimated at $1.27 billion, which is 21% of the adaptation budget. Somalia is a water scarce country, with a daily consumption of only 14 litres per person, a per capita availability of 411 m3 per year, and water access at only 52%. This is due to its importance as an enabler in health and productive sectors. Given the role of water scarcity in heightening local tensions and competition over resources—particularly in drought-affected areas—investments in equitable and conflict-sensitive water management will also contribute to social cohesion, stability, and peacebuilding. Women in Somalia are disproportionately affected as they rely on water for livelihoods and household needs. They bear the burden of water collection as they trek long distances in search of water exposing them to risks of gender-based violence and time spent collecting water reduces opportunities for education, income generation, and rest. Thus, a goal of the water interventions is the integration of women's equal participation and leadership in all aspects of water governance from rural infrastructure management to urban sanitation design through targeted training, safe infrastructure planning, and decision-making roles in water associations and conflict resolution. The actions proposed are: * Enhancing access to water for rural and peri-urban populations and livestock through rehabilitation and development of wells, dams and boreholes; rural sanitation systems; promotion of water hygiene; water use efficiency; and water distribution enhancement. (...) * Improved water governance and co-management; data systems, research, early warning and information systems. * Conflict-sensitive water management through measures for equitable water access for all communities; inclusive and multi-stakeholder water governance; and strengthening of traditional dispute-resolution mechanisms around shared water resources. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Adaptation | Water resources |
| Somalia | 4. Adaptation: 4.3 Public Health Resilience This sector will cost $400 million (13% of total adaptation budget) aimed at building robust proactive health systems to prevent incidence of disease; enhance capability to respond to emergencies; and increase access to essential curative services. While the health sector is significant, there are sectors that are more vulnerable to climate change impacts, like agriculture, , enabling sectors such as water and agriculture are budgeted elsewhere. Investments here will include: * Proactive health measures to reduce the incidences and impacts of disease transmission; * Enhance the health sector’s capacity to respond to climate-induced risks, including disease outbreaks and heat stress; * Rebuilding and Innovating systems for provision of healthcare to nomadic communities; * Develop climate-resilient health infrastructure accessible to all, including pregnant women, people with disabilities, and rural populations and provide sexual and reproductive health services during climate emergencies; * Development of early warning and communication systems for health related risks. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| Somalia | 4. Adaptation: 4.5 Just Transition A just transition is a cornerstone of Somalia’s climate and development strategy, ensuring that the shift to a low-carbon and climate-resilient future is inclusive, equitable, and socially just. Somalia’s NDC 3.0 recognizes that climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, including women, youth, informal workers, pastoralist communities, and internally displaced persons. To address this, the adaptation component prioritizes targeted investments in green job creation and vocational training, with a focus on reskilling young people and women for emerging climate-resilient sectors such as renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and ecosystem restoration. Moreover, the NDC commits to strengthening gender-responsive adaptation planning by integrating social protection measures that safeguard livelihoods and well-being in the face of climate shocks. By enhancing access to low-carbon and affordable technologies such as solar-powered irrigation, clean cooking solutions, and climate-smart digital tools the strategy aims to empower marginalized communities to participate in and benefit from the green transition. This sector also promotes inclusive governance and participatory decision-making processes, ensuring that adaptation strategies are co-developed with those most affected. Through these integrated actions, Somalia seeks to align its adaptation goals with National Transformation Plan priorities, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and its broader peacebuilding and social cohesion agenda. |
Economic security
Health
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 5. Mitigation Pathways: 5.3 Energy Sector While not yet a big contributor to GHG emission, the proposed emission reduction in the sector is proportionately the highest of all sectors at 50%, aiming to cut emissions by 3.24 MtCO₂e at an estimated cost of USD 1.217 billion (Table 4). Access to sustainable and reliable energy is critical to Somalia’s climate resilience and economic development as it powers sectors like agriculture, healthcare, and industry while reducing dependence on fossil fuels and enabling a just transition to renewable solutions. Energy Initiatives in this sector include: (...) * Promotion of improved cookstoves and energy-efficient appliances, * Sustainable charcoal production with improved kiln technology * Promoting clean cooking including use of LPG to replace biomass in domestic energy **Expanding access to clean and efficient household energy in Somalia is likely to benefit women by easing unpaid care burdens and improving health through safer, more sustainable cooking and energy solutions. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Somalia | 7. Capacity Building, Technology Development, and Transfer for Somalia's NDC: 7.1 Capacity Building: 7.1.1 Enhanced Adaptation Strategies Given Somalia's extreme vulnerability to climate shocks (including five consecutive failed rainy seasons from 2021-2023 that displaced 1.3 million people), adaptation technologies require urgent scaling: * Expanding beyond basic solar pumps to include IoT-enabled monitoring systems that track water levels, quality, and usage patterns, helping pastoralist communities manage scarce resources * Community-Based Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting at scale in urban informal settlements (384 affected by 2023 floods) with training programs for women-led households * Integrated Early Warning Systems which combine mobile alert systems (reaching 54.8% mobile penetration) with traditional communication channels to warn pastoralists (70% of population) about droughts and floods * Climate-Smart Livestock Management including introducing mobile apps for herd tracking, veterinary services, and market linkages to support Somalia's livestock sector (60-70% of population dependent) |
Unpaid care work
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 7. Capacity Building, Technology Development, and Transfer for Somalia's NDC: 7.3 Implementation Framework To operationalize these enhanced interventions, Somalia will: 1. Strengthen policy coordination by aligning TNA outcomes with National Transformation Plan and Somalia Power Master Plan through the newly established National Electricity Authority 2. Leverage international partnerships by deepening engagement with Climate Technology Centre and Network and NDC Partnership which supported Somalia's enhanced NDC development 3. Create enabling environment by finalizing regulations for emerging technologies through National Communications Authority while ensuring cyber-security 4. Gender-responsive implementation by ensuring 40% women participation in technology programs, building on UNDP's successful models 5. Private sector engagement through development of clean energy Public Private Partnership frameworks with Power Africa's support to attract investment in renewable energy 6. Community-led deployment by adapting technologies to nomadic lifestyles through mobile service units and portable solutions. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 8. Climate Justice and Security: 8.1 Gender, Youth and other Vulnerable Groups Inclusion in Climate Actions (...) The vision of this NDC is a just and resilient future for Somalia, where women, youth, and marginalized groups are not merely beneficiaries but actively engage in providing climate solutions — driving equitable policies, green economies, and inclusive adaptation efforts. This requires transforming women and youth from vulnerable groups into key drivers of climate innovation, policy, and grassroots action for a just, sustainable and equitable future through the following. 1. Leadership, representation and inclusive governance * Achieve 30% representation of women in climate decision-making bodies, with active engagement from gender ministries in NDC governance, ensuring policies reflect diverse needs. * Meaningfully include persons with disabilities in climate planning, policy design, and NDC processes, with dedicated funding for disability-led resilience initiatives. * Strengthen youth advisory councils and intergenerational partnerships to institutionalize youth leadership in national and sub-national climate governance. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 8. Climate Justice and Security: 8.1 Gender, Youth and other Vulnerable Groups Inclusion in Climate Actions (...) The vision of this NDC is a just and resilient future for Somalia, where women, youth, and marginalized groups are not merely beneficiaries but actively engage in providing climate solutions — driving equitable policies, green economies, and inclusive adaptation efforts. This requires transforming women and youth from vulnerable groups into key drivers of climate innovation, policy, and grassroots action for a just, sustainable and equitable future through the following. 2. Gender-responsive and disability inclusive climate policies * Mainstream gender and disability considerations across all climate policies, ensuring adaptation strategies address the unique vulnerabilities of women, children, the elderly, and displaced populations. * Conduct intersectional gender and disability analyses to identify gaps in finance, technology, and knowledge access, shaping targeted interventions. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 8. Climate Justice and Security: 8.1 Gender, Youth and other Vulnerable Groups Inclusion in Climate Actions (...) The vision of this NDC is a just and resilient future for Somalia, where women, youth, and marginalized groups are not merely beneficiaries but actively engage in providing climate solutions — driving equitable policies, green economies, and inclusive adaptation efforts. This requires transforming women and youth from vulnerable groups into key drivers of climate innovation, policy, and grassroots action for a just, sustainable and equitable future through the following. 3. Climate Justice & Social Protection * Expand gender-responsive climate finance and insurance mechanisms to support women farmers, pastoralists, and displaced communities in recovering from climate shocks. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 8. Climate Justice and Security: 8.1 Gender, Youth and other Vulnerable Groups Inclusion in Climate Actions (...) The vision of this NDC is a just and resilient future for Somalia, where women, youth, and marginalized groups are not merely beneficiaries but actively engage in providing climate solutions — driving equitable policies, green economies, and inclusive adaptation efforts. This requires transforming women and youth from vulnerable groups into key drivers of climate innovation, policy, and grassroots action for a just, sustainable and equitable future through the following. (...) 3. Climate Justice & Social Protection (...) * Strengthen social safety nets with disability-inclusive disaster preparedness, child protection systems, and adaptive social programs to prevent harmful coping mechanisms (e.g., child labor, early marriage). (...) 6. Child Protection and climate responsive safeguards * Assess and address child-specific climate risks by incorporating child protection into vulnerability assessments, and ensure access to health, education, and nutrition during climate shocks. * Strengthen social safety nets with disability-inclusive disaster preparedness, child protection systems, and adaptive social programs to prevent harmful coping mechanisms (e.g., child labor, early marriage). * Promote child participation and awareness by supporting climate education in schools and engaging children and youth in climate action and decision-making processes. |
Economic security
Gender-based violence
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Cross-cutting | Other |
| Somalia | 8. Climate Justice and Security: 8.1 Gender, Youth and other Vulnerable Groups Inclusion in Climate Actions (...) The vision of this NDC is a just and resilient future for Somalia, where women, youth, and marginalized groups are not merely beneficiaries but actively engage in providing climate solutions — driving equitable policies, green economies, and inclusive adaptation efforts. This requires transforming women and youth from vulnerable groups into key drivers of climate innovation, policy, and grassroots action for a just, sustainable and equitable future through the following. (...) 4. Innovation, livelihoods and economic resilience * Scale up youth and women-led green enterprises in circular economies, renewable energy, and sustainable agriculture, backed by dedicated funding and skills training. * Promote accessible climate technologies and ensure marginalized groups, including persons with disabilities, benefit from low-carbon solutions and adaptive infrastructure. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 8. Climate Justice and Security: 8.1 Gender, Youth and other Vulnerable Groups Inclusion in Climate Actions (...) The vision of this NDC is a just and resilient future for Somalia, where women, youth, and marginalized groups are not merely beneficiaries but actively engage in providing climate solutions — driving equitable policies, green economies, and inclusive adaptation efforts. This requires transforming women and youth from vulnerable groups into key drivers of climate innovation, policy, and grassroots action for a just, sustainable and equitable future through the following. (...) 5. Education, capacity building and systemic change * Integrate climate literacy into school curricula and vocational training, emphasizing gender equity and disability inclusion. * Support community-led awareness campaigns to shift behaviors toward sustainability, with leadership from women, youth, and underrepresented voices. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | 8.3 Loss and Damage (…) To effectively address the escalating impacts of climate-induced Loss and Damage (L&D) in Somalia, the following strategic actions are proposed to strengthen institutional frameworks, financing mechanisms, and community resilience. * Establish structures and systems for reporting, cataloguing, and quantifying climate attributable direct and indirect losses and damages from all economic sectors and communities and integrate L&D assements in MRV systems. * Develop a national L&D financing strategy, a dedicated L&D Fund, and mobilize funds from climate finance sources and international partners for the fund. * Lobby for simplified mechanisms to access funds for climate action under L&D. * Build capacity for resource mobilization and utilization and enhance transparency in the disbursement of L&D funds. * Address slow onset climate shocks such as sea level rise and desertification, alongside extreme climate shocks in L&D considerations by integrating them into national climate policies, especially through early warning systems, land use planning, and ecosystem-based approaches In addition to the proposed loss and damage interventions in Somalia, a comprehensive approach to addressing both sudden-onset and slow-onset climate-related impacts is important. Key investments include restoring degraded rangelands and enhancing drought-resilient livestock systems, with an allocation of USD 200 million from the adaptation budget (Table 3). These interventions aim to restore livelihoods, build pastoral resilience, and reduce vulnerability to recurrent droughts. USD 500 million is allocated to improve rural and peri-urban water supply systems, an urgent priority to address water scarcity and reduce displacement risks. These investments are vital for safeguarding vulnerable communities who depend heavily on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and pastoralism. **Loss and damage measures targeting risks associated with water scarcity and displacement in vulnerable communities are likely to benefit women through improving their resilience and livelihood security. |
Economic security
|
Loss and damage | Multisectoral |
| Somalia | Annex 1: Information to Facilitate Clarity, Transparency and Understanding: i. Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: (...) The government of Somalia is committed to mainstreaming gender equality across its development and climate change policies and plans, including Somalia's National Transformation Plan (NTP) 2025–2029, which represents a comprehensive commitment to inclusive development, with gender equality and women's empowerment as key components of Somalia's national transformation agenda. It recognizes the critical need to actively pursue greater involvement of women, youth, people with disabilities, and other marginalized groups, which NDC 3.0 will build upon. This will be pursued by recognizing and mainstreaming the different needs and concerns of men, women, and other groups and ensuring effective and inclusive participation in planning and implementation processes to ensure that policies are gender-sensitive and include strategies for these vulnerable groups’ empowerment. This will be done by engaging with NGOs working with these groups to strengthen their capacities to mobilize, participate, and advocate for change; making deliberate efforts to tailor information packaging and communication to diverse groups to improve inclusion; providing opportunities to participate in workshops and meetings; and contributing perspectives that can influence greater inclusion and equality. |
Participation and leadership
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| St. Lucia | Adaptation. Health. Climate change exacerbates health risks in Saint Lucia by increasing the prevalence of vector-borne diseases, such as dengue and Zika, and heat-related illnesses. Extreme weather events further strain healthcare systems, limiting access to essential services. The NAP highlights the need to strengthen disease surveillance systems, expand public health campaigns, and improve healthcare infrastructure to ensure continuity of services during and after disasters. Additionally, psychosocial support services are critical to addressing the mental health impacts of climate-induced stress and displacement. **According to ILO data (2024), the healthcare sector accounts for 7.17% of women's employment compared to just 2.08% of men's, meaning that measures targeting the climate preparedness in the healthcare sector will have a disproportionate impact on women's safety, wellbeing and livelihoods. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| St. Lucia | Adaptation. Education. The education sector is particularly vulnerable to climate impacts, as disasters often disrupt learning, through school closures and infrastructure damage. The NAP prioritises retrofitting schools to ensure they are disaster-resilient and can serve as emergency shelters. Integrating climate change education into school curricula is another key priority, equipping students with the knowledge and skills to understand and address climate challenges. Training educators to deliver climate-resilient education further strengthens the sector's capacity to adapt. **According to ILO data (2024), the education sector accounts for 8.74% of women's employment compared to just 2.08% of men's, meaning that measures targeting climate preparedness in the education sector will have a disproportionate impact on women's safety, wellbeing and livelihoods. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Other |
| St. Lucia | Gender Equality (...) To foster equality in adaptation benefits, Saint Lucia's CCAP, NAP and associated SASAPs focus on addressing the needs of vulnerable groups and fostering inclusive climate benefits. While they include activities focusing on women and men generally, based on a number of vulnerability factors, they do not identify activities that are specific to either women or men, owing to the lack of data on differential needs. Saint Lucia is working to collect and assess gender-disaggregated information, allowing planners and decision-makers to consider who will be impacted even before the implementation of programmes and projects. Saint Lucia, therefore, continues to systematically address gender considerations in project design, consultation, implementation and monitoring stages, when project concepts are being developed, amalgamated or expanded for funding consideration. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| St. Lucia | Gender Equality (...) To advance gender equality further, future climate action plans will give greater consideration to prioritising capacity building for gender-responsive planning and implementation. This includes training stakeholders on GEDSI principles, building local expertise in gender analysis, and fostering partnerships with organisations that specialise in gender and social inclusion. Moreover, the Government aims to strengthen monitoring frameworks to assess the impact of climate projects on different groups, providing insights to improve future interventions. It is worth noting that the Cabinet of Ministers has approved the Gender Focal Point System that serves as an institutional mechanism to facilitate the mainstreaming of gender in national development planning, as well as to monitor and evaluate the results of public sector initiatives for gender equality outcomes. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| St. Lucia | Elements of the ICTU. 4. Planning Process. ii. Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits. (...) Agriculture: Climate Resilient Agriculture Demonstration Centre (CRADE): Enabling the transformation of vulnerable groups in 3 subsistence farming communities into competitive national agribusiness leaders under a changing climate. **Women play an important role in micro- and subsistence farming, and are likely to benefit from actions in the agricultural sector that target subsistence and vulnerable groups. The CRADE project aims for "Increased resilience and enhanced livelihoods of the most vulnerable people, communities and regions and increased resilience of health and well-being, and food and water security, and strengthened adaptive capacity and reduced exposure to climate risks." |
Economic security
|
Mitigation | Agriculture |
| United Arab Emirates | 6.2 Sectoral Adaptation: 6.2.3 Health The UAE has implemented measures to facilitate collaboration between public health and climate authorities, as well as to equip healthcare workers with the necessary skills to manage the health risks associated with climate change, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, pregnant women, and those at high risk. Additionally, the country is strengthening its regulations and policies related to environmental health determinants, including water and air quality, food systems, and waste management. A set of additional policies is under consideration, such as the use of advanced technologies to protect outdoor workers from the heat, and enhanced surveillance on heat-related illnesses. |
Health
|
Adaptation | Health |
| United Arab Emirates | 6.2 Sectoral Adaptation: 6.2.4 Environment and Biodiversity Recognizing the vital role of women in the Fishing and Aquaculture Sector, the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment is actively spearheading an initiative dedicated to empowering women within this industry. This comprehensive initiative includes the creation of dedicated platforms for women to sell fish and aquatic products, thus enhancing their economic opportunities. Additionally, it emphasizes educational and training programmes aimed at building capabilities and expertise among women. A key component of this initiative is the promotion of the "Women Can Fish" programme, designed to inspire and encourage more women to join and thrive in the fishing and aquaculture sector. Through these efforts, the ministry is fostering gender equality and sustainable development within the industry. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Coastal zones and fisheries |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.4 Women and Youth (...) In addition, the UAE’s NAP will integrate concrete actions across the NAP process and continue the country’s ongoing efforts to create an enabling environment to ensure that no one is left behind, in line with the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience. Different social groups will be included in the UAE NAP development process, including women, men, children, youth, people of determination, elderly, migrant workers, indigenous communities, and low-income groups. |
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.4 Women and Youth The 2026 UAE Gender Balance Strategy represents the country’s federal gender equality strategy and includes commitments to policy and legislative reform, programmes, partnerships with the private sector and international organizations, and international engagement on key areas – including sustainability and climate. The UAE government is also considering additional policy levers, such as gender impact analysis for climate policies, gender-responsive climate finance, and sex-disaggregation of climate-related data. The UAE has a strong track record in ensuring women are well-represented in delegations to the UNFCCC. For example, every year since 2016, the UAE has sent a delegation with 50% or more women to the Bonn Intersessional negotiations and Conference of the Parties. Women on the negotiation teams have access to peer-to-peer mentoring and development opportunities. Moreover, the UAE enjoys strong women’s leadership, including through the UAE’s Head of Delegation to the UNFCCC who supported the facilitation of the GST and the mid-term review of the GAP in 2022. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.4 Women and Youth (...) Moreover, the UAE initiated and endorsed the COP28 Gender-Responsive Just Transitions and Climate Action Partnership, where it committed to supporting the development of evidence-based methodologies, including sex, disability, and age disaggregated data and standard indicators, to assess gender equality in the transition to a Paris Agreement-aligned economy. The UAE has worked closely with UN Women UAE – Liaison Office for the GCC to strengthen the evidence base and understanding of the differentiated impacts of climate change on men and women. This has included the convening of high- level events on the critical intersection between climate change and women’s empowerment, bringing together UN agencies, government officials, and civil society. In 2024, the UAE and UN Women adopted a strategic partnership. As part of this partnership, the UAE and UN Women will convene national, regional, and global policy discussions and strategy sessions that will strengthen the gender focus on climate change and contribute to global processes. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.5 Transparency, Implementation and Governance: 7.5.2 Voluntary pledges (...) Domestically, MOCCAE has introduced the UAE Climate-Responsible Companies Pledge, an initiative aimed at significantly increasing private sector involvement in the UAE’s decarbonization efforts, aligning with the UAE Net Zero by 2050 Strategic Initiative. The pledge serves as a foundation for future collaborations between the private sector, NGOs, and international organizations, with Emirates Nature, in association with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), acting as a strategic partner. This initiative is designed to support companies in developing and implementing net-zero plans, contributing to the nation’s broader goal of achieving climate neutrality. The pledge encourages companies to commit to transparent measurement and reporting of their greenhouse gas emissions, develop science-based strategies to reduce their carbon footprints, and integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation into their core business practices. Additionally, it promotes an inclusive approach, ensuring that youth, women, and vulnerable segments of society are actively involved in the creation of these plans. Ultimately, the pledge aims to unify the efforts of the private sector with national goals, driving collective action towards achieving the UAE’s net-zero target by 2050. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.3 Capacity Building Requirements Educators play a crucial role in shaping the future workforce and preparing them to face the challenges of a rapidly changing economy. As such, numerous capacity building programmes target educators and their role in raising awareness about climate change, promoting sustainable practices and equipping students with the skills to succeed in the green economy. To support teachers and policy makers in the integration of climate education in pre-service and in-service teacher training, the UAE government, in collaboration with UNICEF, will train around 3000 master trainers and 1500 principals across the country. This will allow 100% of the private and public schools to cover, in the implementation of cross curriculum and extra-curriculum activities guidelines for the academic year starting September 2023. To highlight to global politicians and decision-makers the work of educators, the challenges they face, and the key role they play in the global climate response, the Teachers COP brought voices of primary and secondary teachers as well as school directors to COP28. This global competition garnered substantial interest with over 386 teachers, school principals, inspectors, and other educational stakeholders submitting projects on climate change education. **According to the ILO (2023), the education sector accounts for 8.63% of women's employment compared to just 1.19% of men's, meaning that capacity building programmes in this sector will likely have a disproportionate impact on women's economic security. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Other |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.4 Women and Youth In 2024, the UAE ranked 7th globally and 1st among Arab countries in the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index. Additionally, the UAE ranked 1st globally in five of the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2022 sub-indicators: enrolment in primary education, enrolment in secondary education, enrolment in tertiary education, sex ratio at birth, and women in parliament. In recent years, the UAE has launched the UAE Gender Balance Strategy, a platform to enhance women’s participation in the renewable energy transition, and a Strategic Partnership with UN Women, establishing a Women’s Climate Fund to support the mobilization of gender-responsive finance. This work is complemented by the General Women’s Union, the national mechanism for women’s empowerment. (p.75-76) (...) Furthermore, as part of the UAE-UN Women Strategic Partnership, both parties agreed to strengthen global frameworks, partnerships, norms, and standards to reinforce technical capacity to support gender-responsive climate action and climate resilience building. The General Women’s Union has sought to promote capacity building on gender budgeting through working collaboratively across governments to convene discussions on: plastic consumption production, environmental sustainability with the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, and women and environmental sustainability with Sharjah University. They have also conducted six workshops and field visits focused on women and agricultural financing with the Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority, and gender-just transitions and financing on Emirati Women’s Day with the COP28 Presidency. (p. 77) |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.4 Women and Youth (...) The UAE recognizes the crucial need to incorporate gender equality deeply into its efforts to tackle climate change. Significant efforts have been made to engage women in climate action and decision-making. Notably, Masdar, Abu Dhabi’s renewable energy company is contributing to ensuring women are heard in the sustainability debate through the Women in Sustainability, Environment and Renewable Energy (WiSER) initiative. WiSER aims to educate, engage, and empower women globally to be enablers of sustainability and innovation. (...) WiSER has sought to promote the deployment of gender-responsive technological solutions by fostering women’s and girls’ full participation and leadership in science, technology, research, and development in several ways. The year-long WiSER Pioneers Programme offers young women aged 25 to 35 access to bespoke educational workshops and global networking opportunities with industry experts. The programme empowers young women to take a leading role in the global transition to a net-zero future by providing them with a platform to make their voices heard. Since it’s launched in 2018, the WiSER Pioneers Programme has invited more than 100 young women to take part in over 320 hours of training and workshops. The WiSER Mentorship Programme, open to women enrolled in the WiSER Pioneers Programme, aims to help them progress in their careers by giving them access to one-to-one mentoring sessions with senior figures from various industries. The sessions focus on goal setting and help participants expand their skills and prepare for leadership roles. Launched in 2021, the WiSER Mentorship Programme invited more than 35 mentors based in the UAE and internationally to deliver more than 330 hours of one-to-one mentorship sessions. The WiSER platform has conducted research on Gender, Inclusion, and Climate Change in the Middle East and Northern Africa. The research covered the following areas: climate-related health risks, climate-related human security risks, access to finance, gender-responsive policies and strategies, capacity building, and awareness raising. WiSER collected and consolidated information through a survey available online in Arabic and English, circulated through diplomatic missions, government departments, and civil society. The research helped inform a white paper to understand impactful strategies to reduce women’s vulnerability to climate change, existing capacity building initiatives, and how to support women-led initiatives, including seed funding, small business grants, and scaling up existing projects. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.4 Women and Youth (...) The UAE hosted Gender Equality Day intentionally in conjunction with Finance Day during COP28 UAE to highlight the need for gender-responsive finance and budgeting. As part of this day, the COP28 Presidency co-hosted events with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Further, the UAE has been working closely with the GlobalAlliance for Green and Gender Action (GAGGA) and the Climate Champions Team (CCT) to support a campaign on facilitating access to finance for grassroots and women’s organizations. The UAE continues to work with the Climate Champions Team on a campaign for direct access to finance for Indigenous Peoples, funding a Global Data Study for Indigenous Peoples to strengthen the evidence base of IP-led financed projects in climate action, and working with Indigenous Peoples Organizations. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Arab Emirates | 7.5 Transparency, Implementation and Governance: 7.5.2 Voluntary pledges (...) Gender-responsive Just transitions and Climate Action Partnership: The UAE has committed to integrating gender considerations into its climate action plans, focusing on equitable access to cooling technologies and sustainable energy solutions for women and vulnerable groups. (p.83)// (...) Global Cooling Pledge: Launched at COP28, this initiative aims to enhance international cooperation on sustainable cooling solutions, targeting energy efficiency and climate-friendly approaches. The pledge seeks to improve access to sustainable cooling for vulnerable populations, thereby reducing emissions and enhancing resilience against extreme heat. The pledge aims to reducing cooling-related emissions across all sectors by at least 68% globally relative to 2022 levels by 2050, consistent with limiting global average temperature rise to 1.5 °C and in line with reaching global net-zero emissions targets with significant progress and expansion to sustainable cooling by 2030. This aim will be advanced through individual countries’ domestic actions as consistent with their domestic plans and priorities, and international collaboration. Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure is working on the national efficient cooling program under the national demand side management programme to enhance energy efficiency in built environment sector. (p.82) |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Energy |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) The UK is dedicated to promoting equality and inclusion, including women's empowerment, gender equality and the implementation of the UNFCCC work programme on gender, following extension of the Enhanced Lima Work Programme on Gender at COP29. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) At COP28, the UK endorsed the Gender-Responsive Just Transitions Partnership Pledge which aims to increase efforts to mainstream gender-just considerations across the transition to a low-carbon and sustainable economy in international and domestic approaches. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Energy |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) The UK also supports the POWERful Women initiative and other energy sector groups in their work towards increasing gender equality in the clean energy sector. This includes supporting Women in Nuclear, which encourages girls and women into the nuclear industry. The UK is a signatory to the Clean Energy Ministerial Equality in Energy Transitions, which aims to advance women's participation in the clean energy revolution and enable greater gender diversity in the clean energy professions. |
Economic security
|
Cross-cutting | Energy |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) The UK is also a signatory to Equal by 30, the Clean Energy Ministerial Campaign to work towards equal pay, equal leadership, and equal opportunities for women in the clean energy sector by 2030. The UK is a strongly supportive and engaged member of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Gender Advisory Council, which is intended to guide work on gender diversity and improve equal opportunities in the energy sector. It will help to take forward the IEA Gender Diversity Initiative and will strengthen collaboration with the CEM Equality Initiative and Equal by 30. |
Economic security
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Energy |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) The UK also continues to work with delivery partners to capture the impacts of International Climate Finance (ICF) programmes on certain groups of people and to embed gender mainstreaming into every stage of the programme cycle. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) The UK PACT (Partnering for Accelerated Climate Transitions) programme has developed gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) guidance. As part of its commitments under the Generation Equality Forum's Action Coalition on Feminist Action for Climate Justice, the UK will strengthen collection and use of data on gender, inclusion and climate. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4: Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner: Gender-responsive action (...) The UK has provided funding and support to widen participation including the full, meaningful, and equal participation and leadership of women in all aspects of the UNFCCC. (…)The UK's Climate Ambition Support Alliance (CASA) has provided funding for the active participation of women in international climate negotiations from the Alliance of Small Island States, the Least Developed Countries Group and the High Ambition Coalition. |
Participation and leadership
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Uruguay | 2. Circunstancias nacionales y principales acciones: 2.2. Sobre la acción para la mitigación y sus beneficios para la adaptación En cuanto a las aguas residuales domésticas, la tasa de conexión a los servicios de saneamiento en el interior del Uruguay (sin considerar a Montevideo donde el servicio no es prestado por la empresa pública nacional de servicio de saneamiento y agua potable, OSE) al año 2023 es aproximadamente del 50 %. En noviembre de 2011, se aprobó la Ley N° 18.840, reglamentada en febrero de 2013, cuyo objetivo es promover la conexión obligatoria de las edificaciones a las redes de saneamiento públicas existentes o nuevas, estableciendo facilidades y sanciones para garantizar su cumplimiento. Sin embargo, se estima que un 13% de la población con acceso a estas redes aún no se ha conectado, lo que limita los beneficios de salud pública y adaptación al cambio climático. De acuerdo al Proyecto de Universalización del Saneamiento en el Uruguay5, un 13% de población adicional tendría disponibilidad de nuevos servicios para conectarse en un plazo de unos cinco años, por lo que es importante contar con el marco normativo antes indicado (Ley N° 18.840). El aumento en la cobertura de saneamiento contribuye a la resiliencia de las comunidades frente a fenómenos climáticos extremos, como inundaciones, que pueden contaminar las fuentes de agua. En este contexto, es deseable incrementar de manera sostenida las tasas de conexión, para mejorar tanto la resiliencia climática como la calidad de vida de la población. **EN: 2. National circumstances and main actions: 2.2. Regarding mitigation action and its benefits for adaptation Regarding domestic wastewater, the connection rate to sanitation services in the interior of Uruguay (excluding Montevideo, where the service is not provided by the national public company for sanitation and drinking water services, OSE) by 2023 is approximately 50%. Law No. 18,840 was approved in November 2011 and regulated in February 2013. Its objective is to promote the mandatory connection of buildings to existing or new public sanitation networks, establishing facilities and sanctions to ensure compliance. However, an estimated 13% of the population with access to these networks has not yet been connected, limiting the benefits for public health and climate change adaptation. According to the Universal Sanitation Project in Uruguay, an additional 13% of the population would have access to new services within five years, making it important to have the aforementioned regulatory framework (Law No. 18,840). Increasing sanitation coverage contributes to community resilience in the face of extreme weather events, such as floods, which can contaminate water sources. In this context, a sustained increase in connection rates is desirable to improve both climate resilience and the population's quality of life. ****Due to the universal target of 95% access to improved sanitation and drinking water, women will benefit from this measure. |
Unpaid care work
Health
|
Mitigation | Water resources |
| Uruguay | 4. CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA ADAPTACIÓN Y TERCERA COMUNICACIÓN DE ADAPTACIÓN (COMAD3): 4.3.3 Medidas de adaptación: Agropecuario. OE20: Promover la implementación de buenas prácticas en las diferentes actividades y procesos de la agricultura como estrategia para la adaptación al cambio climático, mantenimiento de la producción, aumento de la resiliencia y reducción de los riesgos en la agricultura y el ambiente. 40) Al 2035 se han diseñado e implementado instrumentos de promoción e incentivo para que en los establecimientos productivos se implementen medidas de manejo y tecnologías que reducen el riesgo de déficit hídrico. 41) Al 2035 se cuenta con una plataforma de información que facilite el acceso a nuevo conocimiento, en formatos accesibles y apropiados para el manejo adaptativo agropecuario ante el cambio y la variabilidad climática. 42) Al 2035 se incorporan gradualmente medidas de manejo y tecnologías para la reducción del estrés térmico en animales en establecimientos agropecuarios, con la aspiración de alcanzar al 70% de los establecimientos con al menos una medida incorporada. 43) Al 2035 se ha fortalecido la extensión y transferencia de tecnología en horticultura y fruticultura, incorporando perspectiva de género y generaciones. 44) Al 2035 se ha fortalecido la I+D+i para validar tecnologías avanzadas de protección e infraestructura que prevengan los impactos del cambio y variabilidad climática en la producción hortifrutícola. 45) Al 2035 se promueve de forma sinérgica con otras políticas, la producción sostenible y resiliente en el sector hortifrutícola mediante la incorporación de prácticas agroecológicas. **EN: 4. CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTATION AND THIRD ADAPTATION COMMUNICATION (COMAD3): 4.3.3 Adaptation measures: Agriculture. SO20: Promote the implementation of good practices in different agricultural activities and processes as a strategy for adapting to climate change, maintaining production, increasing resilience, and reducing risks in agriculture and the environment. 40) By 2035, promotion and incentive instruments have been designed and implemented so that productive establishments implement management measures and technologies that reduce the risk of water deficit. 41) By 2035, an information platform will be available that facilitates access to new knowledge, in accessible and appropriate formats for adaptive agricultural management in the face of climate change and variability. 42) By 2035, management measures and technologies to reduce heat stress in animals will be gradually incorporated on agricultural farms, with the goal of reaching 70% of farms with at least one measure incorporated. 43) By 2035, technology extension and transfer in horticulture and fruit growing will have been strengthened, incorporating a gender and generational perspective. 44) By 2035, R&D&I will have been strengthened to validate advanced protection and infrastructure technologies that prevent the impacts of climate change and variability on horticultural production. 45) By 2035, sustainable and resilient production in the horticultural sector will be promoted, in synergy with other policies, through the incorporation of agroecological practices. |
Economic security
|
Adaptation | Agriculture |
| Uruguay | 4. CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA ADAPTACIÓN Y TERCERA COMUNICACIÓN DE ADAPTACIÓN (COMAD3): 4.4. Ciclo de la adaptación ex post, progresos y resultados obtenidos: 4.4.6.1 Proyecto Regional entre Uruguay y Argentina: Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Ciudades y Ecosistemas Costeros Vulnerables del Río Uruguay. También se realizaron actividades para mejorar el conocimiento y sensibilidad de la población y actores locales sobre el cambio climático, sus impactos y oportunidades para la incorporación de la adaptación al cambio climático como práctica habitual. Algunas de estas actividades consistieron en el intercambio de experiencias y buenas prácticas en relación con la gestión de riesgos y el fortalecimiento de la gobernanza y la coordinación interinstitucional de los sistemas de alerta temprana en las costas del Río Uruguay. Se desarrolló el curso “Adaptación climática con políticas de suelo en territorios costeros vulnerables del Río Uruguay”. Además, tuvieron lugar varias charlas y conversatorios que incluyeron temas como: “Vulnerabilidades sociales. Metodología de análisis frente a riesgo de desastres”; “Territorios locales, riesgos compartidos: hacia una gestión regional de los desastres”; “Escenarios de cambio climático en la región del río Uruguay”, “Comunidades resilientes. Capacidades locales para la adaptación al cambio climático”, “Gestión en la calidad del agua” y “Soluciones basadas en naturaleza en espacios urbanos”, entre otros. Las actividades impulsaron la participación de diferentes representantes sociales de las localidades, funcionarios departamentales, nacionales, sociedad civil, academia y ciudadanos, promoviendo además una representación con criterio de género y generaciones. EN: 4. CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTATION AND THIRD ADAPTATION COMMUNICATION (COMAD3): 4.4. Ex-post adaptation cycle, progress, and results achieved: 4.4.6.1 Regional Project between Uruguay and Argentina: Climate Change Adaptation in Vulnerable Coastal Cities and Ecosystems of the Uruguay River. Activities were also carried out to improve the knowledge and awareness of the local population and stakeholders regarding climate change, its impacts, and opportunities for incorporating climate change adaptation as a common practice. Some of these activities included the exchange of experiences and good practices related to risk management and the strengthening of governance and inter-institutional coordination of early warning systems on the coasts of the Uruguay River. A course was held, "Climate Adaptation with Land Policies in Vulnerable Coastal Territories of the Uruguay River." In addition, several talks and discussions took place, including topics such as: "Social Vulnerabilities: Disaster Risk Analysis Methodology"; "Local Territories, Shared Risks: Toward Regional Disaster Management"; "Climate Change Scenarios in the Uruguay River Region"; "Resilient Communities: Local Capacities for Climate Change Adaptation"; "Water Quality Management"; and "Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Spaces," among others. The activities encouraged the participation of various local social representatives, departmental and national officials, civil society, academia, and citizens, while also promoting gender and generational representation. |
Participation and leadership
|
Adaptation | Coastal zones and fisheries |
| Uruguay | 4. CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA ADAPTACIÓN Y TERCERA COMUNICACIÓN DE ADAPTACIÓN (COMAD3): 4.9. Monitoreo y Evaluación. (...) Los avances en el marco MEL para las medidas de adaptación se reportarán en los Informes Bienales de Transparencia, conforme a lo establecido en las directrices, modalidades y procedimientos del marco de transparencia para la acción y el apoyo, tal como se menciona en el artículo 13 del Acuerdo de París y en la Decisión 18/CMA.1. El trabajo de MEL incluirá la revisión, el monitoreo y la actualización de medidas de género en cada una de las medidas de las ComAd, continuando los esfuerzos ya realizados para lograr un sistema de seguimiento responsivo al género. **EN: 4. CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTATION AND THIRD COMMUNICATION ON ADAPTATION (COMAD3): 4.9. Monitoring and Evaluation. (...) Progress on the MEL framework for adaptation measures will be reported in the Biennial Transparency Reports, in accordance with the guidelines, modalities, and procedures of the transparency framework for action and support, as referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement and Decision 18/CMA.1. The MEL work will include the review, monitoring, and updating of gender-sensitive measures in each of the ComAd measures, continuing the efforts already made to achieve a gender-responsive monitoring system. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Adaptation | Multisectoral |
| Uruguay | 6. Medidas transversales y de fortalecimiento de capacidades. (...) Considerando que se continúa trabajando en las medidas y procesos definidos en las CDN anteriores, se identifican las siguientes prioridades para el período de implementación de la presente CDN3: (...) Se han fortalecido las capacidades de respuesta al cambio climático de los mecanismos de adelanto de la Mujer (MsAM) de los tres niveles de gobiernos, y se implementan planes operativos en los diferentes niveles y territorios involucrados. **EN: 6. Cross-cutting and capacity-building measures. (...) Considering that work continues on the measures and processes defined in previous NDCs, the following priorities are identified for the implementation period of this NDC3: (...) The climate change response capacities of the mechanisms for the advancement of women (MsAM) at the three levels of government have been strengthened, and operational plans are being implemented at the different levels and territories involved. |
Gender mainstreaming
|
Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Uruguay | Línea estratégica 4: Descarbonización en los sectores residencial, comercial y servicios Si bien estos sectores representan solamente el 7% de las emisiones de CO2 del sector energético, siendo predominante el uso de electricidad, se identifican algunos usos de combustibles que requerirán procesos de transformación complejos y es necesario comenzar a trabajar en ellos. Un ejemplo es el caso de la cocción con GLP, con subsidios generales y focalizados, que se utiliza en más del 90% de los hogares. Dentro de las medidas que se consideran, se encuentran: *estudio segmentado de la población y la implementación de pilotos de sustitución de cocinas a GLP por cocinas de inducción que generen insumos para diseñar una política de sustitución... **EN: Strategic Line 4: Decarbonization in the Residential, Commercial, and Service Sectors Although these sectors represent only 7% of CO2 emissions from the energy sector, with electricity being the predominant source of energy, some fuel uses have been identified that will require complex transformation processes, and work needs to begin on them. An example is cooking with LPG, with general and targeted subsidies, which is used in more than 90% of households. Among the measures being considered are: *a segmented study of the population and the implementation of pilot projects to replace LPG stoves with induction stoves that generate inputs for designing a substitution policy... **The introduction of improved stoves is likely to benefit women by reducing time and labor spent cooking, lessening their unpaid care workload. |
Unpaid care work
|
Mitigation | Energy |
| Uruguay | 5. CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA MITIGACIÓN: 5.2. Medidas de mitigación. Líneas estratégicas transversales: 5.2.2. Sector Agricultura y Uso de la Tierra y Silvicultura: Enfoque de Hojas de Ruta Para el diseño de Hojas de Ruta sectoriales se realizó primariamente una identificación de actores clave por sector. Se priorizaron cinco sectores productivos: Ganadería, Lechería, Agricultura (que incluye la producción de arroz), Horticultura y fruticultura y Forestación. Para cada uno de estos sectores se elaboró una Hoja de Ruta con horizonte 2035, identificando procesos estratégicos vigentes en el país vinculados al sector agropecuario en general y a las cadenas particulares para identificar líneas estratégicas y acciones sinérgicas, que contribuyan a un desarrollo resiliente del sector AFOLU. También se identificaron posibles medios de implementación y acciones impulsadas desde el sector privado. (...) Se convocaron actores e instituciones clave, tanto del ámbito gubernamental, la academia, el sector privado y la sociedad civil organizada para la realización de seis talleres donde se trabajó en obtener insumos para la definición de hojas de rutas sectoriales y la transversalización de género, partiendo de los compromisos asumidos en la segunda CDN, revisándolos cuando se consideró necesario e identificando acciones y medios clave para su cumplimiento. Como parte del proceso se elaboraron seis Hojas de Ruta, que permiten identificar líneas estratégicas, acciones y medios de implementación para su cumplimiento. Estas líneas estratégicas pueden agruparse en transversales (aplican a todas las hojas de ruta), multisectoriales (aplican a más de un sector) y específicas (aplican a un sector en particular). Líneas estratégicas transversales: (...) 2. Transversalización del enfoque de género e integración de los enfoques de género y cambio climático. El país cuenta con un Plan Nacional de Género en las Políticas Agropecuarias que realizó un diagnóstico profundo de la realidad de las mujeres en la producción agropecuaria y acciones clave para la reducción de desigualdades de género en el medio rural y el sector agropecuario del país. Esta línea se propone fortalecer la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las políticas, programas y proyectos que se desarrollen como parte de la CDN3, así como la incorporación de compromisos de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en la política sectorial de género, en línea con la CDN3. **EN: 5. CONTRIBUTION TO MITIGATION: 5.2. Mitigation Measures. Cross-Cutting Strategic Lines: 5.2.2. Agriculture, Land Use, and Forestry Sector: Roadmap Approach For the design of sectoral Roadmaps, key stakeholders were primarily identified by sector. Five productive sectors were prioritized: Livestock, Dairy, Agriculture (which includes rice production), Horticulture and Fruit Growing, and Forestry. For each of these sectors, a Roadmap was developed with a 2035 horizon, identifying current strategic processes in the country linked to the agricultural sector in general and to specific chains to identify strategic lines and synergistic actions that contribute to the resilient development of the AFOLU sector. Possible means of implementation and actions driven by the private sector were also identified. (...) Key actors and institutions from government, academia, the private sector, and organized civil society were convened for six workshops. These workshops focused on gathering input for defining sectoral roadmaps and gender mainstreaming, based on the commitments made in the Second Convention on the Rights of the Child (NDC), revising them when deemed necessary, and identifying key actions and means for their fulfillment. As part of the process, six Roadmaps were developed, which allow for the identification of strategic lines, actions, and means of implementation for their fulfillment. These strategic lines can be grouped as transversal (applying to all roadmaps), multisectoral (applying to more than one sector), and specific (applying to a particular sector). Crosscutting strategic lines: (...) 2. Gender mainstreaming and integration of gender and climate change approaches. The country has a National Gender Plan in Agricultural Policies that conducted an in-depth assessment of the situation of women in agricultural production and implemented key actions to reduce gender inequalities in rural areas and the country's agricultural sector. This plan aims to strengthen the incorporation of a gender perspective in policies, programs, and projects developed as part of NDC3, as well as the incorporation of climate change mitigation and adaptation commitments into sectoral gender policies, in line with NDC3. **The country is integrating gender and climate change approaches through its National Gender Plan in Agricultural Policies, which strengthens the inclusion of gender perspectives in NDC3-related agricultural policies and incorporates climate commitments into sectoral gender policy. Key actions include integrating gender and climate data in territorial mapping, incorporating gender and generational perspectives (including youth and Indigenous Peoples) into research, training, communication, and incentive programs, and promoting rural women’s active participation in environmental and climate decision-making at all levels. |
Economic security
Gender mainstreaming
|
Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Uruguay | 5. CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA MITIGACIÓN: 5.2. Medidas de mitigación. Líneas estratégicas transversales: 5.2.2. Sector Agricultura y Uso de la Tierra y Silvicultura: Enfoque de Hojas de Ruta Para el diseño de Hojas de Ruta sectoriales se realizó primariamente una identificación de actores clave por sector. Se priorizaron cinco sectores productivos: Ganadería, Lechería, Agricultura (que incluye la producción de arroz), Horticultura y fruticultura y Forestación. Para cada uno de estos sectores se elaboró una Hoja de Ruta con horizonte 2035, identificando procesos estratégicos vigentes en el país vinculados al sector agropecuario en general y a las cadenas particulares para identificar líneas estratégicas y acciones sinérgicas, que contribuyan a un desarrollo resiliente del sector AFOLU. También se identificaron posibles medios de implementación y acciones impulsadas desde el sector privado. (...) Se convocaron actores e instituciones clave, tanto del ámbito gubernamental, la academia, el sector privado y la sociedad civil organizada para la realización de seis talleres donde se trabajó en obtener insumos para la definición de hojas de rutas sectoriales y la transversalización de género, partiendo de los compromisos asumidos en la segunda CDN, revisándolos cuando se consideró necesario e identificando acciones y medios clave para su cumplimiento. Como parte del proceso se elaboraron seis Hojas de Ruta, que permiten identificar líneas estratégicas, acciones y medios de implementación para su cumplimiento. Estas líneas estratégicas pueden agruparse en transversales (aplican a todas las hojas de ruta), multisectoriales (aplican a más de un sector) y específicas (aplican a un sector en particular). Líneas estratégicas transversales: (...) 3.Transversalización de la producción familiar. El país cuenta con un Plan Nacional de Agricultura Familiar que identifica desafíos y acciones necesarias para tener una producción familiar resiliente. Esta línea se propone fortalecer la incorporación de la producción familiar en las políticas, programas y proyectos que se desarrollen como parte de la CDN3. **EN: 5. CONTRIBUTION TO MITIGATION: 5.2. Mitigation Measures. Cross-Cutting Strategic Lines: 5.2.2. Agriculture, Land Use, and Forestry Sector: Roadmap Approach For the design of sectoral Roadmaps, key stakeholders were primarily identified by sector. Five productive sectors were prioritized: Livestock, Dairy, Agriculture (which includes rice production), Horticulture and Fruit Growing, and Forestry. For each of these sectors, a Roadmap was developed with a 2035 horizon, identifying current strategic processes in the country linked to the agricultural sector in general and to specific chains to identify strategic lines and synergistic actions that contribute to the resilient development of the AFOLU sector. Possible means of implementation and actions driven by the private sector were also identified. (...) Key actors and institutions from government, academia, the private sector, and organized civil society were convened for six workshops. These workshops focused on gathering input for defining sectoral roadmaps and gender mainstreaming, based on the commitments made in the Second Convention on the Rights of the Child (NDC), revising them when deemed necessary, and identifying key actions and means for their fulfillment. As part of the process, six Roadmaps were developed, which allow for the identification of strategic lines, actions, and means of implementation for their fulfillment. These strategic lines can be grouped as transversal (applying to all roadmaps), multisectoral (applying to more than one sector), and specific (applying to a particular sector). Transversal strategic lines: (...) 3. Mainstreaming family production. The country has a National Family Farming Plan that identifies challenges and actions necessary for resilient family farming. This line aims to strengthen the incorporation of family production into the policies, programs, and projects developed as part of the CDN3. **The National Plan for Family Farming (PNAF) promotes resilient, equitable, and sustainable family farming through seven strategic pillars including ones focused on youth, gender equity, strenghtening family farming, and improving socioeconomic inclusion. As part of NDC3 implementation, it calls for gender-responsive and evidence-based climate and agricultural policies by assessing how extreme events affect rural women and families, integrating caregiving and vulnerability factors into support measures, and generating sex- and age-disaggregated data to recognize family farming’s contributions to climate, biodiversity, and food security goals. |
Unpaid care work
Gender mainstreaming
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Mitigation | Agriculture |
| Uruguay | 2. CIRCUNSTANCIAS NACIONALES Y PRINCIPALES ACCIONES: 2.6. Sobre la inclusión de la perspectiva de género. (...) En el año 2021 se aprobó el Plan de Acción en Género y Cambio Climático de Uruguay (PAG-CC Uy) en el marco del SNRCC con un horizonte al año 2024, definiendo y priorizando un conjunto de actividades clave para el fortalecimiento de la integración de la agenda de igualdad de género y cambio climático en la agenda pública, y que articula con las áreas prioritarias del Plan de Acción en Género de la CMNUCC, considerando que coincidan y se asegure la integración de actividades definidas en base a las prioridades nacionales. Actualmente se está avanzando en el proceso participativo para la formulación de un segundo Plan de Acción. (pg. 9) 4. CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA ADAPTACIÓN Y TERCERA COMUNICACIÓN DE ADAPTACIÓN (COMAD3): 4.4. Ciclo de la adaptación ex post, progresos y resultados obtenidos: 4.4.7.Plan de Género y Cambio Climático En el marco del Plan de Género en Cambio Climático implementado a partir del 2021, se ejecutaron una serie de medidas vinculadas a la adaptación, en áreas priorizadas como generación de conocimiento y fortalecimiento de capacidades en actores clave, que permitan mejorar la comprensión del vínculo entre género y cambio climático. Este componente generó acciones de análisis de género que permiten reconocer las desigualdades existentes, a nivel sectorial y/o territorial, pero también recursos didácticos para diversos destinatarios. Se desarrollaron actividades tendientes a profundizar la articulación con el Consejo Nacional de Género a través de la coordinación del Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres. En este marco se desarrolló capacitación, instancias de consulta, análisis de género y coordinación para la definición de medidas de género en territorios concretos, en el marco del PNA Costas. (pg. 36) 6. Medidas transversales y de fortalecimiento de capacidades. Considerando que se continúa trabajando en las medidas y procesos definidos en las CDN anteriores, se identifican las siguientes prioridades para el período de implementación de la presente CDN3: Se implementa un tercer Plan de Género y Cambio Climático con horizonte 2035 articulado con los diversos niveles de gobierno, en todo el territorio nacional con participación de grupos, colectivos y emprendimientos liderados por mujeres. (pg.60) **EN: 2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND MAIN ACTIONS: 2.6. Regarding the inclusion of a gender perspective. (...) In 2021, Uruguay's Gender and Climate Change Action Plan (PAG-CC Uy) was approved within the framework of the SNRCC (National Coordination of Climate Change) with a time horizon of 2024. It defines and prioritizes a set of key activities to strengthen the integration of the gender equality and climate change agenda into the public agenda. It aligns with the priority areas of the UNFCCC Gender Action Plan, ensuring their alignment and ensuring the integration of activities defined based on national priorities. Progress is currently being made in the participatory process for the formulation of a second Action Plan. (p. 9) 4. CONTRIBUTION TO ADAPTATION AND THIRD COMMUNICATION ON ADAPTATION (COMAD3): 4.4. Ex-post adaptation cycle, progress, and results achieved: 4.4.7. Gender and Climate Change Plan Within the framework of the Gender and Climate Change Plan implemented starting in 2021, a series of adaptation-related measures were implemented in prioritized areas such as knowledge generation and capacity building for key actors, allowing for a better understanding of the link between gender and climate change. This component generated gender analysis actions that allow for the recognition of existing inequalities at the sectoral and/or territorial levels, as well as educational resources for various audiences. Activities were developed to deepen coordination with the National Gender Council through the coordination of the National Institute for Women. Within this framework, training, consultations, gender analysis, and coordination were provided for the definition of gender measures in specific territories, within the framework of the NAP Costas. (p. 36) 6. Cross-cutting and capacity-building measures Considering that work continues on the measures and processes defined in previous NDCs, the following priorities are identified for the implementation period of this NDC3: A third Gender and Climate Change Plan will be implemented with a 2035 horizon, coordinated with the various levels of government, throughout the national territory, with the participation of groups, collectives, and ventures led by women. (p. 60) |
Gender mainstreaming
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Cross-cutting | Multisectoral |
| Zambia | Annex 2. Indicators for Adaptation No. 1. Indicator (Global Goal on Adaptation): Significantly reducing climate-induced water scarcity and enhancing climate resilience to water-related hazards towards a climate-resilient water supply, climate-resilient sanitation and towards access to safe and affordable potable water for all. National Indicators (Zambia NDC): Water security of all Zambians is promoted and protected, via gender-responsive and climate-smart water infrastructure Baseline in 2020: Low Desired Status by 2030: High |
Unpaid care work
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Adaptation | Water resources |
| Zambia | Annex 2. Indicators for Adaptation No. 6. Indicator (Global Goal on Adaptation): Substantially reducing poverty and livelihood vulnerability in areas with high climate risk for communities, in particular by promoting the use of adaptive social protection measures National Indicators (Zambia NDC): Increased gender equality and inclusiveness for both women and men in Community Forest Management Groups (CFMG); Reduced vulnerability and strengthened resilience of livelihoods in forest communities Baseline in 2020: Low Desired Status by 2030: High |
Economic security
Participation and leadership
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Adaptation | Land use and forestry |
| Zimbabwe | Cross-cutting issues and enablers: 5.2 Capacity building, education, training and awareness The cross-cutting nature of the climate actions outlined in this NDC require continuous capacity building of adaptation and mitigation experts as well as training of technicians in the various sectors. The enhanced integration of climate change into the basic and higher levels of education will assist in the raising broad societal awareness, provide for inclusivity and set the base for specialized climate change capacity building and innovation. In addition, the education sector can assist in reducing the gender disparities in climate change information and actions. |
Economic security
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Cross-cutting | Other |